The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Government type:

      republic

      Capital:

      name: Yerevan geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

      Administrative divisions:

      11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan

      Independence:

      21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

      National holiday:

      Independence Day, 21 September (1991)

      Constitution:

      adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005

      Legal system:

      based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage:

      18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

      chief of state: President Serzh SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008) head of government: Prime Minister Tigran SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 19 February 2008 (next to be held February 2013); prime minister appointed by the president based on majority or plurality support in parliament; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Assembly refuses to accept their program election results: Serzh SARGSIAN elected president; percent of vote - Serzh SARGSIAN 52.9%, Levon TER-PETROSSIAN 21.5%, Artur BAGHDASARIAN 16.7%

      Legislative branch:

      unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members elected by popular vote, 90 members elected by party list and 41 by direct vote; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 12 May 2007 (next to be held in the spring of 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - HHK 33.9%, Prosperous Armenia 15.1%, ARF (Dashnak) 13.2%, Rule of Law 7.1%, Heritage Party 6%, other 24.7%; seats by party - HHK 64, Prosperous Armenia 18, ARF (Dashnak) 16, Rule of Law 9, Heritage Party 7, independent 17

      Judicial branch:

      Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

      Political parties and leaders:

      Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABYAN]; Armenian

       People's Party [Tigran KARAPETYAN]; Armenian Ramkavar Azadagan Party

       Alliance or HRAK (includes former Dashink Party, National Revival

       Party, and Ramkavar Liberal Party); Armenian Revolutionary

       Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARYAN]; Heritage

       Party [Raffi HOVHANNISYAN]; National Democratic Party [Shavarsh

       KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN];

       National Unity Party [Artashes GEGHAMYAN]; People's Party of Armenia

       [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Prosperous Armenia [Gagik TSAROUKYAN]; Republic

       Party [Aram SARKISYAN]; Republican Party of Armenia or HHK [Serzh

       SARGSIAN]; Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN];

       Union of Constitutional Rights [Hrant KHACHATURYAN]; United Labor

       Party [Gurgen ARSENYAN]

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

      Aylentrank (Impeachment) [Nikol PASHINYAN]; Yerkrapah Union [Manvel

       GRIGORIAN]

      International organization participation:

      ACCT (observer), ADB, BSEC, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAPC,

       EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA,

       IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU,

       MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF (associate member), OPCW,

       OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO,

       WIPO, WMO, WTO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

      chief of mission: Ambassador Tatoul MARKARIAN chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 319–1976 FAX: [1] (202) 319–2982 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

      chief of mission: Ambassador Marie L. YOVANOVITCH embassy: 1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082 mailing address: American Embassy Yerevan, US Department of State, 7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521–7020 telephone: [374](10) 464–700 FAX: [374](10) 464–742

      Flag description:

      three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

      Economy

       Armenia

      Economy - overview:

      Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia has made progress in implementing many economic reforms including privatization, price reforms, and prudent fiscal policies. The conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic liberalization program that resulted in positive growth rates. Economic growth has averaged over 13% in recent years. Armenia has managed to reduce poverty, slash inflation, stabilize its currency, and privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. Nuclear power plants built at Metsamor in the 1970s were closed following the 1988 Spitak Earthquake, though they sustained no damage. One of the two reactors was re-opened in 1995, but the Armenian government is under international pressure to close it due to concerns that the Soviet era design lacks important safeguards. Metsamor provides 40 percent of the country's electricity - hydropower accounts for about one-fourth. Economic ties with Russia remain close, especially in the energy sector. The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002 and bought by Russia's RAO-UES in 2005. Construction of a pipeline to deliver natural gas from Iran to Armenia is halfway completed and is scheduled to be commissioned by January 2009. Armenia has some mineral deposits (copper, gold, bauxite). Pig iron, unwrought copper, and other nonferrous metals are Armenia's highest СКАЧАТЬ