The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Asia

      Area:

      total: 29,743 sq km land: 28,454 sq km water: 1,289 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

      total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

      Coastline:

      0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

      none (landlocked)

      Climate:

      highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

      Terrain:

      Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m

      Natural resources:

      small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite

      Land use:

      arable land: 16.78% permanent crops: 2.01% other: 81.21% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      2,860 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      10.5 cu km (1997)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 2.95 cu km/yr (30%/4%/66%) per capita: 977 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

      Environment - current issues:

      soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

      Geography - note:

      landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range

      People

       Armenia

      Population:

      2,968,586 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 18.7% (male 296,401/female 259,594) 15–64 years: 70.3% (male 975,438/female 1,111,989) 65 years and over: 11% (male 128,398/female 196,766) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 31.1 years male: 28.4 years female: 34 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      −0.077% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      12.53 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      −4.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.15 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 20.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 72.4 years male: 68.79 years female: 76.55 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.35 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.1% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      2,600 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      fewer than 200 (2003 est.)

      Nationality:

      noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian

      Ethnic groups:

      Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3% (2001 census)

      Religions:

      Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%

      Languages:

      Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.4% male: 99.7% female: 99.2% (2001 census)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 11 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2006)

      Education expenditures:

      3.2% of GDP (2001)

      Government

       Armenia

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Republic of Armenia conventional short form: Armenia local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun local short form: Hayastan former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic

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