The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ expenditures - percent of GDP:

       2% (FY98/99)

      Transnational Issues Finland

      Disputes - international: none

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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      @France

      Introduction France

      Background:

       Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France

       suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank

       as a dominant nation-state. Nevertheless, France today is one of the

       most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European

       nations. Since 1958, it has constructed a presidential democracy

       resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier parliamentary

       democracies. In recent years, its reconciliation and cooperation

       with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of

       Europe, including the introduction of a common exchange currency,

       the euro, in January 1999. At present, France is at the forefront of

       efforts to develop the EU's military capabilities to supplement

       progress toward an EU foreign policy.

      Geography France

      Location:

       Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel,

       between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the

       Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain

      Geographic coordinates:

       46 00 N, 2 00 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 547,030 sq km

       land: 545,630 sq km

       note: includes only metropolitan France; excludes the overseas

       administrative divisions

       water: 1,400 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly less than twice the size of Colorado

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,889 km

       border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km,

       Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km,

       Switzerland 573 km

      Coastline:

       3,427 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean)

      Climate:

       generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot

       summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry,

       north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral

      Terrain:

       mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west;

       remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Rhone River delta −2 m

       highest point: Mont Blanc 4,807 m

      Natural resources:

       coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash,

       feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber, fish

      Land use: arable land: 33.53% permanent crops: 2.07% other: 64.4% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       20,000 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires

       in south near the Mediterranean

      Environment - current issues: some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile

       Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,

       Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic

       Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the

       Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

      Geography - note:

       largest West European nation

      People France

      Population:

       60,424,213 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 18.5% (male 5,724,185; female 5,446,716)

       15–64 years: 65.1% (male 19,698,497; female 19,663,776)

       65 years and over: 16.4% (male 4,049,970; female 5,841,069) (2004

       est.)

      Median age:

       total: 38.6 years

       male: 37 years

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