The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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      @Albania

      Introduction Albania

      Background:

       Between 1990 and 1992 Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic

       Communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The

       transition has proven difficult as successive governments have tried

       to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, a dilapidated

       infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks with links to high

       government officials, and disruptive political opponents.

       International observers judged parliamentary elections in 2001 and

       local elections in 2003 to be acceptable and a step toward

       democratic development, but identified serious deficiencies. Many of

       these deficiencies have been addressed through bi-partisan changes

       to the electoral code in 2003 and 2005, but implementation of these

       changes will not be demonstrated until parliamentary elections in

       July 2005.

      Geography Albania

      Location:

       Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea,

       between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro

      Geographic coordinates:

       41 00 N, 20 00 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 28,748 sq km

       water: 1,350 sq km

       land: 27,398 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

       total: 720 km

       border countries: Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and

       Montenegro 287 km

      Coastline:

       362 km

      Maritime claims:

       territorial sea: 12 nm

       continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

      Climate:

       mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers;

       interior is cooler and wetter

      Terrain:

       mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

       highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,764 m

      Natural resources:

       petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore,

       nickel, salt, timber, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 21.09% permanent crops: 4.42% other: 74.49% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       3,400 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast;

       floods; drought

      Environment - current issues:

       deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and

       domestic effluents

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,

       Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to

       Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

      People Albania

      Population:

       3,544,808 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 26.4% (male 489,363; female 446,586)

       15–64 years: 65.3% (male 1,184,670; female 1,130,065)

       65 years and over: 8.3% (male 135,177; female 158,947) (2004 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 28.2 years

       male: 27.6 years

       female: 28.7 years (2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       0.51% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       15.08 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 22.31 deaths/1,000 live births

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