The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily

       Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       female: 21% (1999 est.)

       total population: 36%

       male: 51%

      People - note:

       of the estimated 4 million refugees in October 2001, 2.3 million

       have returned

      Government Afghanistan

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

       conventional short form: Afghanistan

       local short form: Afghanestan

       former: Republic of Afghanistan

       local long form: Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan

      Government type:

       Islamic republic

      Capital:

       Kabul

      Administrative divisions:

       34 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis,

       Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Daykondi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr,

       Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khowst, Konar,

       Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Nurestan, Oruzgan,

       Paktia, Paktika, Panjshir, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar,

       Vardak, and Zabol

      Independence:

       19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

      National holiday:

       Independence Day, 19 August (1919)

      Constitution:

       new constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004; signed

       16 January 2004

      Legal system:

       according to the new constitution, no law should be "contrary to

       Islam"; the state is obliged to create a prosperous and progressive

       society based on social justice, protection of human dignity,

       protection of human rights, realization of democracy, and to ensure

       national unity and equality among all ethnic groups and tribes; the

       state shall abide by the UN charter, international treaties,

       international conventions that Afghanistan signed, and the Universal

       Declaration of Human Rights

      Suffrage:

       18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,

       Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both

       the chief of state and head of government; former King ZAHIR Shah

       holds the honorific, "Father of the Country," and presides

       symbolically over certain occasions, but lacks any governing

       authority; the honorific is not hereditary

       head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of

       Afghanistan, Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); note - the

       president is both chief of state and head of government

       cabinet: 27 ministers; note - under the new constitution, ministers

       are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly

       elections: the president and two vice presidents are elected by

       direct vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives 50% or

       more of the vote in the first round of voting, the two candidates

       with the most votes will participate in a second round; a president

       can only be elected for two terms; election last held 9 October 2004

       (next to be held in 2009)

       election results: Hamid KARZAI elected president; percent of vote -

       Hamid KARZAI - 55.4%, Yunus QANOONI - 16.3%, Mohammad MOHAQEQ -

       11.6%, Abdul Rashid DOSTAM 10.0%, Abdul Latif PEDRAM - 1.4%, Masooda

       JALAL - 1.2%

      Legislative branch:

       nonfunctioning as of January 2004; government is empowered by the

       constitution to issue legislation by decree until the new assembly

       is seated; under the new constitution, the bicameral National

       Assembly will consist of the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no

       more than 249 seats), directly elected for a five-year term, and the

       Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats, one third elected from

       provincial councils for a four-year term, one third elected from

       local district councils for a three-year term, and one third

       presidential appointees for a five-year term; the presidential

       appointees will include two representatives of Kuchis and two

       representatives of the disabled; half of the presidential appointees

       will be women)

       note: on rare occasions the government may convene the Loya Jirga on

       issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial

       integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and

       prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National

       Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils

       elections: scheduled for СКАЧАТЬ