The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Judicial branch:

       the new constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or

       Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by

       the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate

       High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a Minister of Justice;

       a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by

       the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses

       and war crimes

      Political parties and leaders:

       note - includes only political parties approved by the Ministry of

       Justice: Afghan Millat [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; De Afghanistan De Solay

       Ghorzang Gond [Shahnawaz TANAI]; De Afghanistan De Solay Mili Islami

       Gond [Shah Mahmood Polal ZAI]; Harakat-e-Islami Afghanistan

       [Mohammad Asif MOHSINEE]; Hezb-e-Aarman-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan

       [Iihaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; Hezb-e-Aazadee Afghanistan [Abdul

       MALIK]; Hezb-e-Adalat-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Kabeer

       MARZBAN]; Hezb-e-Afghanistan-e-Wahid [Mohammad Wasil RAHEEMEE];

       Hezb-e-Afghan Watan Islami Gond [NA leader]; Hezb-e-Congra-e-Mili

       Afghanistan [Lateef PIDRAM]; Hezb-e-Falah-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan

       [Mohammad ZAREEF]; Hezb-e-Libral-e-Aazadee

       Khwa-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Ajmal SOHAIL]; Hezb-e-Hambastagee Mili

       Jawanan-e-Afghanistan [Mohammad Jamil KARZAI];

       Hezb-e-Hamnbatagee-e-Afghanistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT];

       Hezb-e-Harakat-e-Mili Wahdat-e-Afghanistan [Moahammad Nadir AATASH];

       Hezb-e-Harak-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Ilhaj Said Hssain

       ANWARY]; Hezb-e-Ifazat Az Uqoq-e-Bashar Wa Inkishaf-e-Afghanistan

       [Baryalai NASRATEE]; Hezb-e-Istiqlal-e-Afghanistan [Dr. Gh. Farooq

       NIJZRABEE]; Hezb-e-Jamhoree Khwahan [Sibghatullah SANJAR];

       Hezb-e-Kar Wa Tawsiha-e-Afghanistan [Zulfiar OMID]; Hezb-e-Mili

       Afghanistan [Abdul Rasheed AARYAN]; Hezb-e-Mili

       Wahdat-e-Aqwam-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANEE];

       Hezb-e-Nuhzhat-e-Mili Afghanistan [Ahmad Wali MASOUD];

       Hezb-e-Paiwand-e-Mili Afghanistan [Said Mansoor NADIRI];

       Hezb-e-Rastakhaiz-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Said ZAHIR];

       Hezb-e-Refah-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Mia Gul WASEEQ];

       Hezb-e-Risalat-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Noor Aqa ROEEN];

       Hezb-e-Sahadat-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ];

       Hezb-e-Sahadat-e-Mili Wa Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Usman

       SALIGZADA]; Hezb-e-Sulh-e-Mili Islami Aqwam-e-Afghanistan [Abdul

       Qahir SHARYATEE]; Hezb-e-Sulh Wa Wahdat-e-Mili Afghanistan [Abdul

       Qadir IMAMEE]; Hezb-e-Tafahum-e-Wa Democracy Afghanistan [Ahamad

       SHAHEEN]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Karim

       KHALILI]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Haji Mohammad

       MUHAQIQ]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Mili Afghanistan [Abdul Rasheed Jalili];

       Jamahat-ul-Dahwat ilal Qurhan-wa-Sunat-ul-Afghanistan [Mawlawee

       Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; Jombesh-e Milli [Abdul Rashjid DOSTUM];

       Mahaz-e-Mili Islami Afghanistan [Said Ahmad GAILANEE]; Majmah-e-Mili

       Fahaleen-e-Sulh-e-Afghanistan [Shams ul Haq Noor SHAMS];

       Nuhzat-e-Aazadee Wa democracy Afghanistan [Abdul Raqeeb Jawid

       KUHISTANEE]; Nuhzat-e-Hambastagee Mili Afghanistan [Peer Said Ishaq

       GAILANEE]; Sazman-e-Islami Afghanistan-e-Jawan [Siad Jawad

       HUSSAINEE]; Tahreek Wahdat-e-Mili [Sultan Mahmood DHAZI] (30 Sep

       2004)

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

       Jamiat-e Islami (Society of Islam), [former President Burhanuddin

       RABBANI]; Ittihad-e Islami (Islamic Union for the Liberation of

       Afghanistan), [Abdul Rasul SAYYAF]; there are also small monarchist,

       communist, and democratic groups

      International organization participation:

       AsDB, CP, ECO, FAO, G-77, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA,

       IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM,

       NATO, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO,

       WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO (observer), WToO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Said Tayeb JAWAD

       consulate(s) general: New York

       FAX: [1] 202–483-6488

       telephone: [1] 202–483-6410

       chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Zalmay KHALILZAD

       embassy: The Great Masood Road, Kabul

       mailing address: 6180 Kabul Place, Dulles, VA 20189–6180

       telephone: [00] (2) 230–0436

       FAX: [0093] (2) 230–1364

      Flag description:

       three equal vertical bands of black (hoist), red, and green, with a

       gold emblem centered on the red band; the emblem features a

       temple-like structure encircled by a wreath on the left and right

       and by a bold Islamic inscription above

      Economy Afghanistan

      Economy - overview:

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