The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent),

       ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary),

       UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Muhammad ABD AL-GHAFFAR Abdallah chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny YOUNG embassy: Building No. 979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 3119, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834–5100; International Mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama

      Flag description: red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side

      Economy

      Economy—overview: In Bahrain, petroleum production and processing account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. Economic conditions have fluctuated with the changing fortunes of oil since 1985, for example, during and following the Gulf crisis of 1990–91. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$8.2 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: −2% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$13,100 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 1% industry: 46% services: 53% (1996 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): −0.2% (1996 est.)

      Labor force: 150,000 (1997 est.)

       note: 44% of the population in the 15–64 age group is non-national

       (July 1998 est.)

      Labor force—by occupation: industry, commerce, and service 79%,

       government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 15% (1996 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $1.5 billion

       expenditures: $1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (1999 budget)

      Industries: petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting,

       offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism

      Industrial production growth rate: 3.4% (1995)

      Electricity—production: 4.7 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 4.7 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish

      Exports: $4.7 billion (f.o.b., 1997)

      Exports—commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 61%,

       aluminum 7%

      Exports—partners: India 18%, Japan 11%, Saudi Arabia 8%, South

       Korea 7%, UAE 5% (1997)

      Imports: $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997)

      Imports—commodities: nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%

      Imports—partners: Saudi Arabia 45%, US 10%, UK 6%, Japan 5%,

       Germany 4% (1997)

      Debt—external: $2 billion (1997)

      Economic aid—recipient: $48.4 million (1995)

      Currency: 1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils

      Exchange rates: Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1—0.3760 (fixed rate)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications

      Telephones: 73,552 (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: modern system; good domestic services and

       excellent international connections

       domestic: NA

       international: tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave

       radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and

       Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations—2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean

       and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)

      Radios: 320,000 (1993 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 4 (1997)

      Televisions: 270,000 (1993 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 3,103 km paved: 2,374 km unpaved: 729 km (1997 est.)

      Pipelines: crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km

      Ports and harbors: Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah

      Merchant marine:

       total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 228,273 GRT/304,654 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 3, container 2, oil tanker 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports: 3 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways:

       total: 2

       over 3,047 m: 2 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways:

       total: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (1998 СКАЧАТЬ