The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ ad Dukhan 122 m

      Natural resources: oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas,

       fish

      Land use:

       arable land: 1%

       permanent crops: 1%

       permanent pastures: 6%

       forests and woodland: 0%

       other: 92% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: periodic droughts; dust storms

      Environment—current issues: desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs

      Environment—international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography—note: close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

      People

      Population: 629,090 (July 1999 est.)

       note: includes 227,801 non-nationals (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 31% (male 97,316; female 94,708)

       15–64 years: 67% (male 249,594; female 169,337)

       65 years and over: 2% (male 9,241; female 8,894) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 2% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 21.86 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 3.24 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: 1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.47 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.3 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 14.81 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.32 years male: 72.75 years female: 77.96 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.97 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini

      Ethnic groups: Bahraini 63%, Asian 13%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%, other 6%

      Religions: Shi'a Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim 25%

      Languages: Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 85.2%

       male: 89.1%

       female: 79.4% (1995 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: State of Bahrain

       conventional short form: Bahrain

       local long form: Dawlat al Bahrayn

       local short form: Al Bahrayn

      Data code: BA

      Government type: traditional monarchy

      Capital: Manama

      Administrative divisions: 12 municipalities (manatiq,

       singular—mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah,

       Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar

       Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat

       'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah

       note: all municipalities administered from Manama

      Independence: 15 August 1971 (from UK)

      National holiday: National Day, 16 December (1971)

      Constitution: 26 May 1973, effective 6 December 1973

      Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law

      Suffrage: none

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999);

       Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch,

       born NA 1969)

       head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa

       (since 19 January 1970)

       cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch

       elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed

       by the monarch

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26

       August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet;

       appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992

      Judicial branch: High Civil Appeals Court

      Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited

      Political pressure groups and leaders: several small, clandestine

       leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active; following the

       arrest of a popular Shi'a cleric, Shi'a activists have fomented

       unrest sporadically since late 1994, demanding the return of an

       elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment

      International organization participation: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF,

       ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO,

СКАЧАТЬ