The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Exports—partners: Italy, Greece, Germany, Belgium, US

      Imports: $791 million (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

      Imports—commodities: machinery, consumer goods, grains

      Imports—partners: Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, The Former

       Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

      Debt—external: $645 million (1996)

      Economic aid—recipient: $630 million (1997 pledged)

      Currency: 1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

      Exchange rates: leke (L) per US$1—139.93 (January 1999), 150.63 (1998), 148.93 (1997), 104.50 (1996), 92.70 (1995), 94.62 (1994)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications

      Telephones: 55,000

      Telephone system:

       domestic: obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for

       every village; in 1992, following the fall of the communist

       government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used

       it to build fences

       international: inadequate; international traffic carried by

       microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 4 (1998)

      Radios: 577,000 (1991 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 13 (1997)

      Televisions: 300,000 (1993 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways:

       total: 447 km (none electrified)

       standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (1995)

      Highways: total: 18,000 km paved: 5,400 km unpaved: 12,600 km (1996 est.)

      Waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake

       Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990)

      Pipelines: crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural

       gas 64 km (1991)

      Ports and harbors: Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore

      Merchant marine:

       total: 8 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,394 GRT/41,429

       DWT (1998 est.)

      Airports: 9 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces,

       Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards

      Military manpower—military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 763,949 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 622,013 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 32,954 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $60 million (1998)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 2% (1998)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders but has downplayed them to further its primary foreign policy goal of regional cooperation; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic; Albanians in The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs, and representation in government

      Illicit drugs: increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and—to a far lesser extent—cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding in Europe

      ======================================================================

      @Algeria———

      Geography

      Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia

      Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total: 2,381,740 sq km

       land: 2,381,740 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 6,343 km

       border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,

       Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

      Coastline: 998 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 32–52 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

      Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Chott Melrhir −40 m highest point: Tahat 3,003 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates,

       uranium, lead, zinc

      Land use:

       arable land: 3%

       permanent crops: 0%

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