The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day,

       19 August

      Constitution: none

      Legal system: a new legal system has not been adopted but all factions tacitly agree they will follow Shari'a (Islamic law)

      Suffrage: undetermined; previously males 15–50 years of age

      Executive branch: on 27 September 1996, the ruling members of the

       Afghan Government were displaced by members of the Islamic Taliban

       movement; the Islamic State of Afghanistan has no functioning

       government at this time, and the country remains divided among

       fighting factions

       note: the Taliban have declared themselves the legitimate government

       of Afghanistan; the UN has deferred a decision on credentials and

       the Organization of the Islamic Conference has left the Afghan seat

       vacant until the question of legitimacy can be resolved through

       negotiations among the warring factions; the country is essentially

       divided along ethnic lines; the Taliban controls the capital of

       Kabul and approximately two-thirds of the country including the

       predominately ethnic Pashtun areas in southern Afghanistan; opposing

       factions have their stronghold in the ethnically diverse north

      Legislative branch: non-functioning as of June 1993

      Judicial branch: non-functioning as of March 1995, although there

       are local Shari'a (Islamic law) courts throughout the country

      Political parties and leaders: Taliban (Religious Students

       Afghanistan comprised of Jumbesh-i-Melli Islami (National Islamic

       other smaller parties are Hizbi Islami-Gulbuddin (Islamic Party)

       SAYYAF]; Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami (Islamic Revolutionary Movement)

       GAILANI]; Hizbi Wahdat-Akbari faction (Islamic Unity Party)

      Political pressure groups and leaders: tribal elders represent

       traditional Pashtun leadership; Afghan refugees in Pakistan,

       Australia, US, and elsewhere have organized politically; Peshawar,

       Pakistan-based groups such as the Coordination Council for National

      International organization participation: AsDB, CP, ECO, ESCAP,

       FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,

       IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD,

       UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: note: embassy operations suspended 21 August 1997 chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US: the US embassy in Kabul

       has been closed since January 1989 due to security concerns

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top),

       white, and black with a gold emblem centered on the three bands; the

       emblem features a temple-like structure with Islamic inscriptions

       above and below, encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by

       a bolder Islamic inscription above, all of which are encircled by

       two crossed scimitars

       note: the Taliban uses a plain white flag

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly dependent on farming and livestock raising (sheep and goats). Economic considerations have played second fiddle to political and military upheavals during two decades of war, including the nearly 10-year Soviet military occupation (which ended 15 February 1989). During that conflict one-third of the population fled the country, with Pakistan and Iran sheltering a combined peak of more than 6 million refugees. Now, only 750,000 registered Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan and about 1.2 million in Iran. Another 1 million have probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan. Gross domestic product has fallen substantially over the past 20 years because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and transport. Much of the population continues to suffer from insufficient food, clothing, housing, and medical care. Inflation remains a serious problem throughout the country, with one estimate putting the rate at 240% in Kabul in 1996. International aid can deal with only a fraction of the humanitarian problem, let alone promote economic development. Government efforts to encourage foreign investment have not worked. The economic situation did not improve in 1998. Numerical data are likely to be either unavailable or unreliable.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$20 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: NA%

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$800 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 53% industry: 28.5% services: 18.5% (1990)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 240% (1996 est.)

      Labor force: 7.1 million

      Labor force—by occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%, industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%, commerce 5%, services and other 10.7% (1980 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 8% (1995 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $NA

       expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

      Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,

       shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil,

       coal, copper

      Electricity—production: 540 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 35.19% hydro: 64.81% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 660 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: СКАЧАТЬ