The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      @Afghanistan—————

      Geography

      Location: Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran

      Geographic coordinates: 33 00 N, 65 00 E

      Map references: Asia

      Area:

       total: 647,500 sq km

       land: 647,500 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 5,529 km

       border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,

       Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

      Terrain: mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m

       highest point: Nowshak 7,485 m

      Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, talc,

       barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and

       semiprecious stones

      Land use:

       arable land: 12%

       permanent crops: 0%

       permanent pastures: 46%

       forests and woodland: 3%

       other: 39% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 30,000 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding

      Environment—current issues: soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification

      Environment—international agreements: party to: Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography—note: landlocked

      People

      Population: 25,824,882 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 43% (male 5,640,841; female 5,422,460)

       15–64 years: 54% (male 7,273,681; female 6,776,750)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 374,666; female 336,484) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 3.95% (1999 est.)

       note: this rate reflects the continued return of refugees

      Birth rate: 41.93 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 17.02 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: 14.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 140.55 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.33 years male: 47.82 years female: 46.82 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 5.94 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan

      Ethnic groups: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others)

      Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

      Languages: Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 31.5%

       male: 47.2%

       female: 15% (1995 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Islamic State of Afghanistan; note—the

       self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic

       Emirate of Afghanistan

       conventional short form: Afghanistan

       local long form: Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan

       local short form: Afghanestan

       former: Republic of Afghanistan

      Data code: AF

      Government type: transitional government

      Capital: Kabul

      Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (velayat,

       singular—velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian,

       Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol,

       Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz,

       Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar,

       Vardak, Zabol

       note: there may be two new provinces of Nurestan (Nuristan) and

       Khowst

      Independence: 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign

       affairs)

      National holiday: Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April;

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