The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ NA

       December 2001); Chamber of Deputies—last held 11 December 1997 (next

       to be held NA December 2001)

       election results: Senate—percent of vote by party—NA%; seats by

       party—CPD (PDC 14, PS 4, PPD 2), UPP 17 (RN 7, UDI 10), Chile 2000

       (UCCP) 1, independent 10; Chamber of Deputies—percent of vote by

       party—CPD 50.55% (PDC 22.98%, PS 11.10%, PPD 12.55%, PRSD 3.13%),

       UPP 36.23% (RN 16.78%, UDI 14.43%); seats by party—CPD 70 (PDC 39,

       PPD 16, PRSD 4, PS 11), UPP 46 (RN 24, UDI 21, Party of the South

       1), right-wing independents 4

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court

      Political parties and leaders: Coalition of Parties for Democracy or CPD consists mainly of: Christian Democratic Party or PDC Javier ERRAZURIZ]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: revitalized university student federations at all major universities; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church

      International organization participation: APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO,

       G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,

       IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,

       IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), NAM, OAS, OPANAL,

       OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOGIP,

       UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Genaro Luis ARRIAGADA Herrera chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador John O'LEARY

       embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Santiago

       mailing address: APO AA 34033

      Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and

       red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the

       hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white

       five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy. Civilian governments—which took over from the military in March 1990—have continued to reduce the government's role in the economy while shifting the emphasis of public spending toward social programs. Growth in real GDP averaged more than 7.0% in 1991–1997 but fell to about half of that average in 1998 because of spillover from the global financial crisis. Inflation has been on a downward trend and hit a 60-year low in 1998. Chile's currency and foreign reserves also are strong, as sustained foreign capital inflows—including significant direct investment—have more than offset current account deficits and public debt buy-backs. President FREI, who took office in March 1994, has placed improving Chile's education system and developing foreign export markets at the top of his economic agenda. The Chilean economy remains largely dependent on a few sectors—particularly copper mining, fishing, and forestry. Success in meeting the government's goal of sustained annual economic growth of 5% depends largely on world prices for these commodities, continued foreign investor confidence, and the government's ability to maintain a conservative fiscal stance. In 1996, Chile became an associate member of Mercosur and concluded a free trade agreement with Canada.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$184.6 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 3.5% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$12,500 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 6% industry: 33% services: 61% (1997)

      Population below poverty line: 20.5% (1994 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.4% highest 10%: 46.1% (1994)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.7% (1998)

      Labor force: 5.8 million (1998 est.)

      Labor force—by occupation: services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4% (1990)

      Unemployment rate: 6.4% (1998)

      Budget:

       revenues: $17 billion

       expenditures: $17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (1996 est.)

      Industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

      Industrial production growth rate: −1.1% (1998)

      Electricity—production: 35.81 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 41.89% hydro: 58.11% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 35.81 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, fruit; beef, poultry, wool; timber; fish

      Exports: $14.9 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

      Exports—commodities: copper 37%, other metals and minerals 8.2%,

       wood products 7.1%, fish and fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1994)

      Exports—partners: EU 25%, US 15%, Asia 34%, Latin America 20%

       (1995 est.)

      Imports: $17.5 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

      Imports—commodities: capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw

       materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%, foodstuffs 5.7% (1994)

      Imports—partners: EU 18%, US 25%, Asia 16%, Latin America 26%

       (1995 est.)

      Debt—external: $31.5 billion (1998)

      Economic aid—recipient: ODA, $50.3 million (1996 est.)

      Currency: СКАЧАТЬ