The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic

       total population: 48.1%

       male: 62.1%

       female: 34.7% (1995 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Republic of Chad

       conventional short form: Chad

       local long form: Republique du Tchad

       local short form: Tchad

      Data code: CD

      Government type: republic

      Capital: N'Djamena

      Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures,

       singular—prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti,

       Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone

       Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile

      Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

      Constitution: 31 March 1995, passed by referendum

      Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December

       1990)

       head of government: Prime Minister Nassour Guelengdouksia OUAIDOU

       (since 16 May 1997)

       cabinet: Council of State appointed by the president on the

       recommendation of the prime minister

       elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year

       terms; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the

       two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second

       round of voting; last held 2 June and 11 July 1996 (next to be held

       NA 2001); prime minister appointed by the president

       election results: in the first round of voting none of the 15

       candidates received the required 50% of the total vote; percent of

       vote, first round—Lt. Gen. Idress DEBY 47.8%; percent of vote,

       second round—Lt. Gen. DEBY 69.1%, Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE 30.9%

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (125 seats;

       members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); replaces

       the Higher Transitional Council or the Conseil Superieur de

       Transition

       elections: National Assembly—last held in two rounds on 5 January

       and 23 February 1997, (next to be held NA 2001); in the first round

       of voting some candidates won clear victories by receiving 50% or

       more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring

       candidates stood for a second round of voting

       election results: percent of vote by party—NA; seats by party—MPS

       65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts;

       Magistrate Courts

      Political parties and leaders: Patriotic Salvation Movement or the party in power and the party of the president); National Union mid-1996 Chad had about 60 political parties, of which these are the most prominent in the new National Assembly

      International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC,

       CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,

       IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MINURCA, NAM,

       OAU, OIC, OPCW, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO,

       WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Hassaballah Abdelhadi Ahmat SOUBIANE chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador David C. HALSTED embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena

      Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Landlocked Chad's economic development suffers from it's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Fund, and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production. Lack of financing and low oil prices, however, are stalling the development of an oil field in the Doba Basin and the construction of a proposed oil pipeline through Cameroon.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$7.5 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 2.9% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$1,000 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 39% industry: 15% services: 46% (1997)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1997 est.)

      Labor force: NA

      Labor force—by occupation: agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget:

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