The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ English (official), French (official)

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 97% (1986 est.)

       male: NA%

       female: NA%

      Government

      Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Canada

      Data code: CA

      Government type: federation with parliamentary democracy

      Capital: Ottawa

      Administrative divisions: 10 provinces and 3 territories*;

       Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland,

       Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince

       Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*

      Independence: 1 July 1867 (from UK)

      National holiday: Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

      Constitution: 17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the

       machinery of the government was set up in the British North America

       Act of 1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs

      Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec,

       where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts

       compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),

       represented by Governor General Romeo Le BLANC (since 8 February

       1995)

       head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November

       1993)

       cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among

       the members of his own party sitting in Parliament

       elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general

       appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a

       five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the

       majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated

       by the governor general to become prime minister

      Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of

       the Senate or Senat (a body whose members are appointed to serve

       until reaching 75 years of age by the governor general and selected

       on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit is 104

       senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (301

       seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year

       terms)

       elections: House of Commons—last held 2 June 1997 (next to be held

       by NA June 2002)

       election results: percent of vote by party—Liberal Party 38%, Reform

       Party 19%, Tories 19%, Bloc Quebecois 11%, New Democratic Party 11%,

       other 2%; seats by party—Liberal Party 155, Reform Party 60, Bloc

       Quebecois 44, New Democratic Party 21, Progressive Conservative

       Party 20, independents 1

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the prime

       minister through the governor general

      Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party [Jean CHRETIEN];

      International organization participation: ACCT, AfDB, APEC, AsDB,

       Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE (observer), CP,

       EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G- 7, G-10,

       IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC,

       IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM,

       ISO, ITU, MINURCA, MIPONUH, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS,

       OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR,

       UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNPREDEP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU,

       WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond A. J. CHRETIEN

       chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001

       consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas,

       Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle

       consulate(s): Miami, Princeton, San Francisco, and San Jose

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Gordon D. GIFFIN

       embassy: 100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa

       mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669–0430

       consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto,

       and Vancouver

      Flag description: three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band

      Economy

      Economy—overview: As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Real rates of growth have averaged nearly 3.0% since 1993. Unemployment is falling and government budget surpluses are being partially devoted to reducing the large public sector debt. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which included Mexico) have touched off a dramatic increase in СКАЧАТЬ