The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)

       head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

       elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed

       by the monarch after a vote of confidence by the National Assembly

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: percent of vote by party—CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party—CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15 note: pursuant to the coalition agreement signed in November 1998, a Senate is being created and the legislature will thus become bicameral

      Judicial branch: Supreme Council of the Magistracy, provided for in the constitution, was formed in December 1997; a Supreme Court and lower courts exercise judicial authority

      Political parties and leaders: National United Front for an

       Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or

      International organization participation: ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN

       (observer), CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,

       IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol,

       IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

       UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador VAR HUOTH chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth M. QUINN

       embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh

       mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546

      Flag description: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red

       (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple

       representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red

       band

      Economy

      Economy—overview: After four years of solid macroeconomic performance, Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997–98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment fell off, and tourism has declined from 1996 levels. Also, in 1998 the main harvest was hit by drought. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. Human resource levels in the population are low, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will continue to hinder development. Recurring political instability and corruption within government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. Even so, growth may resume in 1999 at, say, 2%.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$7.8 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 0% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$700 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 51% industry: 15% services: 34% (1997 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1998 est.)

      Labor force: 2.5 million to 3 million

      Labor force—by occupation: agriculture 80% (1997 est.)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget:

       revenues: $261 million

       expenditures: $496 million, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (1995 est.)

      Industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products,

       rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles

      Industrial production growth rate: 7% (1995 est.)

      Electricity—production: 195 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 61.54% hydro: 38.46% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 195 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: rice, rubber, corn, vegetables

      Exports: $736 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)

      Exports—commodities: timber, garments, rubber, soybeans, sesame

      Exports—partners: Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong,

       Indonesia, Malaysia, US

      Imports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)

      Imports—commodities: cigarettes, gold, construction materials,

       petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles

      Imports—partners: Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong

       Kong, Indonesia, Thailand

      Debt—external: $2.2 billion (1996 est.)

      Economic aid—recipient: $569.8 million (1995)

      Currency: 1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen

      Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1—3,772.0 (January 1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997), 2,624.1 (1996), 2,450.8 (1995), 2,545.3 (1994)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications

      Telephones: 7,000 (1981 est.)

      Telephone system: adequate landline and/or cellular service in

       Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little

       telephone service

       domestic: NA

       international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service

       available to all countries from Phnom СКАЧАТЬ