The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 1,716,285 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 165,670 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $155 million (FY98/99)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 1.4% (FY98/99)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries around the Bakasi Peninsula and Lake Chad is currently before the International Court of Justice

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      @Canada———

      Introduction

      Background: A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, from 1867 on Canada has enjoyed de facto independence while retaining, even to the present day, certain formal ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Its paramount political problem continues to be the relationship of the province of Quebec, with its French-speaking residents and unique culture, to the remainder of the country.

      Geography

      Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic

       Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US

      Geographic coordinates: 60 00 N, 95 00 W

      Map references: North America

      Area:

       total: 9,976,140 sq km

       land: 9,220,970 sq km

       water: 755,170 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly larger than the US

      Land boundaries: total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

      Coastline: 243,791 km

      Maritime claims:

       continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

       exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

       territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic

       in north

      Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in

       southeast

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Mount Logan 5,950 m

      Natural resources: nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum,

       potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas

      Land use:

       arable land: 5%

       permanent crops: 0%

       permanent pastures: 3%

       forests and woodland: 54%

       other: 38% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 7,100 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow

      Environment—current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities

      Environment—international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography—note: second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US/Canada border

      People

      Population: 31,006,347 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 20% (male 3,105,944; female 2,960,171)

       15–64 years: 68% (male 10,587,553; female 10,461,455)

       65 years and over: 12% (male 1,652,044; female 2,239,180) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.06% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 11.86 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 7.26 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: 5.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 5.47 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 79.37 years male: 76.12 years female: 82.79 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.65 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian

      Ethnic groups: British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other

       European 20%, Amerindian 1.5%, other, mostly Asian 11.5%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 45%, United Church 12%, Anglican 8%,

       other 35% (1991)

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