The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada can anticipate solid economic prospects in the future. The continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas is raising the possibility of a split in the federation, making foreign investors somewhat edgy.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$688.3 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 3% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$22,400 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 3% industry: 31% services: 66% (1998)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 23.8% (1994)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.9% (1998)

      Labor force: 15.8 million (1998)

      Labor force—by occupation: services 75%, manufacturing 16%, construction 5%, agriculture 3%, other 1% (1997)

      Unemployment rate: 7.8% (December 1998)

      Budget:

       revenues: $121.3 billion

       expenditures: $112.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.7

       billion (1998)

      Industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

      Industrial production growth rate: 0.8% (1998 est.)

      Electricity—production: 549.162 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 20.34% hydro: 63.59% nuclear: 16.05% other: 0.02% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 511.586 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 45.28 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 7.705 billion kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish

      Exports: $210.7 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

      Exports—commodities: motor vehicles and parts, newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, telecommunications equipment

      Exports—partners: US 81%, Japan 4%, UK, Germany, South Korea,

       Netherlands, China (1997)

      Imports: $202.7 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

      Imports—commodities: machinery and equipment, crude oil,

       chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods

      Imports—partners: US 76%, Japan 3%, UK, Germany, France, Mexico,

       Taiwan, South Korea (1997)

      Debt—external: $253 billion (1996)

      Economic aid—donor: ODA, $2.1 billion (1995)

      Currency: 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1—1.5192 (January 1999), 1.4835 (1998), 1.3846 (1997), 1.3635 (1996), 1.3724 (1995), 1.3656 (1994)

      Fiscal year: 1 April—31 March

      Communications

      Telephones: 15.3 million (1990)

      Telephone system: excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations—5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 334, FM 35, shortwave 7 (one of the shortwave stations, Radio Canada International, has six transmitters, 48 frequencies, and broadcasts in seven languages; the transmissions are relayed by repeaters in Europe and Asia) (1998)

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 80 (in addition, there are many repeaters) (1997)

      Televisions: 11.53 million (1983 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways:

       total: 67,773 km; note—there are two major transcontinental freight

       railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and

       Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by

       government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own

       standard gauge: 67,773 km 1.435-m gauge (183 km electrified) (1996)

      Highways:

       total: 912,200 km

       paved: 246,400 km (including 16,600 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 665,800 km (1996 est.)

      Waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

      Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

      Ports and harbors: Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax,

       Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint

       John (New Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney,

       Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor

      Merchant marine:

       total: 109 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,489,110

       GRT/2,205,274 DWT

       ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 56, cargo 11, chemical tanker

       5, combination bulk 2, oil tanker 16, passenger 3, passenger-cargo

       1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger

       4, specialized tanker 1

       note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes

       (1998 est.)

      Airports: 1,395 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 515 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 154 914 to 1,523 m: 238 under 914 m: 91 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 880 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 353 under 914 m: 454 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 16 (1998 est.)

      Military

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