The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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       elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened

       election results: percent of vote by party—NA%; seats by party—NLD

       396, NUP 10, other 79

      Judicial branch: limited; remnants of the British-era legal

       system in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial;

       the judiciary is not independent of the executive

      Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party or NUP

       SHWE, chairman, AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; Union

       Solidarity and Development Association or USDA (proregime, a social

       eight minor legal parties

      Political pressure groups and leaders: National Coalition individuals legitimately elected to the People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; Kachin Independence Army or KIA; United Wa State Army or UWSA; Karen National Union or KNU; several Shan factions; All Burma Student Democratic Front or ABSDF

      International organization participation: AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP,

       ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,

       ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU,

       NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador TIN WINN

       chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

       consulate(s) general: New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kent M.

       WIEDEMANN

       embassy: 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521)

       mailing address: Box B, APO AP 96546

      Flag description: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Burma has a mixed economy with private activity dominant in agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with substantial state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and the rice trade. Government policy in the last 10 years, 1989–98, has aimed at revitalizing the economy after three decades of tight central planning. Thus, private activity has markedly increased; foreign investment has been encouraged, so far with moderate success; and efforts continue to increase the efficiency of state enterprises. Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because of the volume of black-market trade. A major ongoing problem is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Although Burma remains a poor Asian country, its rich resources furnish the potential for substantial long-term increases in income, exports, and living standards. The short-term outlook is for continued sluggish growth because of internal unrest, minimal foreign investment, and the large trade deficit.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$56.1 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 1.1% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$1,200 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 59% industry: 11% services: 30% (1997 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 50% (1998 est.)

      Labor force: 18.8 million (FY95/96 est.)

      Labor force—by occupation: agriculture 65.2%, industry 14.3%, trade 10.1%, government 6.3%, other 4.1% (FY88/89 est.)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget:

       revenues: $7.9 billion

       expenditures: $12.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7

       billion (FY96/97)

      Industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer

      Industrial production growth rate: 9.2% (FY95/96 est.)

      Electricity—production: 3.75 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 61.33% hydro: 38.67% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 3.75 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; hardwood

      Exports: $940 million (1997)

      Exports—commodities: pulses and beans, teak, rice, rubber,

       hardwood

      Exports—partners: India 17%, Singapore 14%, China 11%, Thailand

       9%, Japan 4% (1997)

      Imports: $2.2 billion (1997)

      Imports—commodities: machinery, transport equipment, construction

       materials, food products

      Imports—partners: Singapore 30%, Japan 17%, China 10%, Thailand

       10%, Malaysia 7% (1997)

      Debt—external: $4.3 billion (1997 est.)

      Economic aid—recipient: $156.9 million (1995)

      Currency: 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

      Exchange rates: kyats (K) per US$1—6.1163 (January 1999), 6.3432 (1998), 6.2418 (1997), 5.9176 (1996), 5.6670 (1995), 5.9749 (1994); unofficial—310–350 (1998)

      Fiscal year: 1 April—31 March

      Communications

      Telephones: 122,195 (1993 est.)

      Telephone system: meets minimum requirements for local and

       intercity service for business and government; international service

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