The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ is good

       domestic: NA

       international: satellite earth station—1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998)

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 2 (1998 est.)

      Televisions: 88,000 (1992 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways: total: 3,740 km narrow gauge: 3,740 km 1.000-m gauge (1997)

      Highways: total: 28,200 km paved: 3,440 km unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)

      Waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

      Pipelines: crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km

      Ports and harbors: Bassein, Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein,

       Myitkyina, Rangoon, Akyab (Sittwe), Tavoy

      Merchant marine:

       total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 464,478 GRT/695,923 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 14, cargo 20, container 2, oil tanker 3,

       passenger-cargo 2

       note: a flag of convenience registry; includes ships of 2 countries:

       Japan owns 2 ships, US 3 (1998 est.)

      Airports: 80 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways:

       total: 11

       over 3,047 m: 2

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 5

       914 to 1,523 m: 2 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways:

       total: 69

       over 3,047 m: 2

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 12

       914 to 1,523 m: 23

       under 914 m: 32 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force

      Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower—availability: males age 15–49: 12,475,987 females age 15–49: 12,224,947 (1999 est.) note: both sexes liable for military service

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 6,660,309

       females age 15–49: 6,510,730 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 496,912

       females: 477,803 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $3.904 billion (FY97/98)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 2.1% (FY97/98)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: sporadic conflict with Thailand over alignment of border

      Illicit drugs: world's largest producer of illicit opium (cultivation in 1998—130,300 hectares, a 16% decline from 1997; potential production—1,750 metric tons, down 26% due to drought and the first eradication effort since the current government took power in 1987) and a minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major counternarcotics success, but lack of serious government commitment and resources continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; growing role in the production of methamphetamines for regional consumption

      ======================================================================

      @Burundi———

      Introduction

      Background: Since the end of the Belgian trusteeship in 1962, Burundi has suffered from ethnic uprisings, coups, and other societal dislocations. In a series of waves since October 1993, hundreds of thousands of refugees have fled the ethnic violence between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi and have crossed into Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire (now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo or DROC). Since October 1996, an estimated 120,000 Burundian Hutu refugees from the DROC have been compelled to return to Burundi because of insecurity in the region. Continuing ethnic violence with the Tutsi has caused additional Hutu to flee to Tanzania, thus raising their numbers in the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps in that country to about 260,000. Burundian troops have joined armies from Rwanda and Uganda and Congolese Tutsi in trying to overthrow DROC President KABILA and restore security to their borders with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

      Geography

      Location: Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo

      Geographic coordinates: 3 30 S, 30 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total: 27,830 sq km

       land: 25,650 sq km

       water: 2,180 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

       total: 974 km

       border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda

       290 km, Tanzania 451 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,760 m); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January

      Terrain: hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Mount Heha 2,670 m

      Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat,

       cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium

      Land use:

       arable land: 44%

       СКАЧАТЬ