The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

      Imports - partners:

      Russia 16.28%, Germany 15.76%, Sweden 14.65%, Netherlands 6.99%,

       China 5.29%, France 4.22% (2009)

      Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

      $9.128 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 $11.45 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

      Debt - external:

      $370.8 billion (30 June 2010) country comparison to the world: 23 $339.5 billion (31 December 2008)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

      $87.99 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 35 $85.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

      $122.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24 $118.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

      Exchange rates:

      euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7715 (2010), 0.7179 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006)

      Communications ::Finland

      Telephones - main lines in use:

      1.43 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 65

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

      7.7 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 76

      Telephone system:

      general assessment: modern system with excellent service

      domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs

      international: country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)

      Broadcast media:

      a mix of publicly-operated TV stations and privately-owned TV stations; the 2 publicly-owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)

      Internet country code:

      .fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax

      Internet hosts:

      4.394 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 21

      Internet users:

      4.393 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 55

      Transportation ::Finland

      Airports:

      148 (2010) country comparison to the world: 37

      Airports - with paved runways:

      total: 75

      over 3,047 m: 3

      2,438 to 3,047 m: 26

      1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

      914 to 1,523 m: 22

      under 914 m: 14 (2010)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

      total: 73

      914 to 1,523 m: 3

      under 914 m: 70 (2010)

      Pipelines:

      gas 694 km (2009)

      Railways:

      total: 5,794 km country comparison to the world: 31 broad gauge: 5,794 km 1.524-m gauge (3,047 km electrified) (2008)

      Roadways:

      total: 78,141 km country comparison to the world: 62 paved: 50,914 km (includes 739 km of expressways)

      unpaved: 27,227 km (2009)

      Waterways:

      7,842 km (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km) (2010) country comparison to the world: 18

      Merchant marine:

      total: 93 country comparison to the world: 53 by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 26, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 16, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 28, vehicle carrier 3

      foreign-owned: 6 (Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Iceland 1, Norway 2)

      registered in other countries: 52 (Bahamas 8, Germany 5, Gibraltar 2, Liberia 2, Malta 2, Netherlands 14, Norway 1, Panama 2, Sweden 16) (2010)

      Ports and terminals:

      Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma

      Military ::Finland

      Military branches:

      Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army, Navy (includes Coastal Defense

       Forces), Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) (2007)

      Military service age and obligation:

      18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6–12 months; mandatory retirement at age 60 (2010)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 1,160,812

      females age 16–49: 1,111,743 (2010 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 958,949

      females age 16–49: 916,818 (2010 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 33,297

      female: 32,233 (2010 est.)

      Military СКАЧАТЬ