The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ 5,960 kWh (1995 est.)

      Agriculture - products: grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets; cattle, pigs, poultry; sawn wood

      Exports: total value: $55.5 billion (1996 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals partners: EU 64.8% (Germany 38.1%, Italy 8.1%), Eastern Europe 11.8%, Japan 1.6%, US 3.5% (1994)

      Imports: total value : $65.8 billion (1996 est.) commodities: petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals partners: EU 68.4% (Germany 40%, Italy 8.8%), Eastern Europe 6.55%, Japan 4.3%, US 4.4% (1994)

      Debt - external: $30.2 billion (1996 est.)

      Economic aid: donor: ODA, $544 million (1993)

      Currency: 1 Austrian schilling (AS) = 100 groschen

      Exchange rates: Austrian schillings (AS) per US$1 - 11.302 (January 1997), 10.587 (1996), 10.081 (1995), 11.422 (1994), 11.632 (1993), 10.989 (1992)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      @Austria:Communications

      Telephones: 3.47 million (1986 est.)

      Telephone system: domestic: highly developed and efficient international : satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 2 Eutelsat

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 21 (repeaters 545), shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 47 (repeaters 870)

      Televisions: 2,418,584 (1984 est.)

      @Austria:Transportation

      Railways: total : 5,624 km standard gauge: 5,269 km 1.435-m gauge (3,263 km electrified) narrow gauge: 355 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge (86 km electrified) (1995)

      Highways: 200,000 km paved: 200,000 km (including 1,596 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1995 est.)

      Waterways: 446 km

      Pipelines: crude oil 554 km; petroleum products 171 km; natural gas 2,611 km

      Ports and harbors: Linz, Vienna

      Merchant marine: total: 28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 84,623 GRT/116,682 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 22, combination bulk 2, container 1, refrigerated cargo 2 (1996 est.)

      Airports: 55 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 51 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m : 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 41 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 4 914 to 1,523 m : 4 (1996 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army (includes Flying Division)

      Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 2,107,905 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males: 1,754,823 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 46,298 (1997 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $2.1 billion (1995)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1% (1995)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: none

      Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe ______________________________________________________________________

      AZERBAIJAN

      Introduction

      Current issues: Azerbaijan continues to be plagued by an unresolved nine-year-old conflict with Armenian separatists over its Nagorno-Karabakh region. The Karabakh Armenians have declared independence and seized almost 20% of the country's territory, creating almost 1 million Azerbaijani refugees in the process. Both sides have generally observed a Russian-mediated cease-fire in place since May 1994, and support the OSCE-mediated peace process, now entering its fifth year. Nevertheless, Baku and Xankandi (Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh region) remain far apart on most substantive issues from the placement and composition of a peacekeeping force to the enclave's ultimate political status, and prospects for a negotiated settlement remain dim.

      @Azerbaijan:Geography

      Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia

      Geographic coordinates: 40 30 N, 47 30 E

      Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States

      Area: total: 86,600 sq km land: 86,100 sq km water: 500 sq km note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries: total: 2,013 km border countries : Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: dry, semiarid steppe

      Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag (Karabakh) Upland in west; Baku lies on Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea

      Elevation extremes: lowest point : Caspian Sea −28 m highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina

      Land use: arable land: 18% permanent crops: 5% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 11% other : 41% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 10,000 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea

      Environment - current issues: local scientists consider the Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Climate Change, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity

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