The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats - 12 from each of the six states and two from each of the two territories; one-half of the members elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (148 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve three-year terms; no state can have fewer than five representatives) elections: Senate - last held 2 March 1996 (next to be held NA 1999); House of Representatives - last held 2 March 1996 (next to be held NA 1999) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Liberal-National 37, Labor 29, Australian Democrats 8, Greens 1, independent 1; note - subsequent to the election, there has been a change in the distribution of seats; the new distribution is as follows - Liberal-National 37, Labor 28, Australian Democrats 7, Greens 2, independents 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Liberal-National 94, Labor 49, independent 5

      Judicial branch: High Court, the Chief Justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general

      Political parties and leaders: government : coalition of Liberal Party, John Winston HOWARD, and National Party, Timothy Andrew FISCHER opposition: Australian Labor Party, Kim BEAZLEY; Australian Democratic Party, Cheryl KERNOT; Green Party, Bob BROWN

      Political pressure groups and leaders: Australian Democratic Labor

       Party (anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group); Peace and Nuclear

       Disarmament Action (Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group)

      International organization participation: AG (observer), ANZUS, APEC,

       AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G- 8, IAEA,

       IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO,

       IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM

       (guest), NEA, NSG, OECD, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

       UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

       WTrO, ZC

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Andrew Sharp PEACOCK chancery : 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 797–3000 FAX: [1] (202) 797–3168 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission : Ambassador Genta Hawkins HOLMES embassy: Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600 mailing address: APO AP 96549 telephone: [61] (6) 270–5000 FAX: [61] (6) 270–5970 consulate(s) general: Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney

      Flag description: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars

      Economy

      Economy - overview: Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP above the levels in highly industrialized West European countries. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Commodities account for about 60% of the value of total exports, so that a downturn in world commodity prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods, but competition in international markets continues to be severe. Australia has suffered from the low growth and high unemployment characterizing the OECD countries in the early 1990s, but the economy has expanded at reasonably steady rates in recent years. In addition to high unemployment, short-term economic problems include a balancing of output growth and inflationary pressures and the stimulation of exports to offset rising imports.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $430.5 billion (1996 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 3.6% (1996 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $23,600 (1996 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.1% industry: 27.7% services: 69.2% (1994)

      Inflation rate - consumer price index: 3.1% (1996 est.)

      Labor force: total: 8.4 million (December 1996) by occupation : finance and services 34%, public and community services 23%, wholesale and retail trade 20%, manufacturing and industry 17%, agriculture 6% (1987 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 8.5% (1996 est.)

      Budget: revenues: $95.69 billion expenditures : $95.15 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96 est.)

      Industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel

      Industrial production growth rate: 1.2% (1995)

      Electricity - capacity: 38.83 million kW (1994)

      Electricity - production: 173 billion kWh (1995)

      Electricity - consumption per capita: 8,278 kWh (1995 est.)

      Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry

      Exports: total value: $59.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996) commodities : coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment partners: Japan 24%, South Korea 8%, NZ 7%, US 7%, UK, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong (1994/95)

      Imports: total value : $59.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products partners: US 22%, Japan 17%, UK 6%, China 5%, NZ 5% (1994/95)

      Debt - external: $134 billion (June 1996)

      Economic aid: donor: ODA, $1.25 billion (FY95/96)

      Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.2835 (January 1997), 1.2773 (1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3668 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992)

      Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

      @Australia:Communications

      Telephones: 8.7 million (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: good domestic and international service domestic: domestic satellite system international: submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat (Indian and Pacific Ocean Regions)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 258, FM 67, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 134 (1987 est.)

      Televisions: 9.2 million (1992 est.)

      @Australia:Transportation

      Railways: total : 38,563 km (2,914 km electrified; 172 km dual gauge) broad gauge: 6,083 km 1.600-m gauge standard gauge: 16,752 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 15,728 km 1.067-m gauge

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