The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ reefs that can pose maritime hazards

      Environment - current issues: NA

      Environment - international agreements: party to : NA signed, but not ratified: NA

      Geography - note: Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in

       August 1983

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands:People

      Population: no indigenous inhabitants note: there are only seasonal caretakers

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form : Ashmore and Cartier Islands

      Data code: AT

      Dependency status: territory of Australia; administered by the

       Australian Ministry for Sport, Territories, and Local Government

      National capital: none; administered from Canberra, Australia

      Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia)

      Independence: none (territory of Australia)

      Legal system: relevant laws of the Northern Territory of Australia

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Flag description: the flag of Australia is used

      Economy

      Economy - overview: no economic activity

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands:Transportation

      Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only

      Military

      Military - note: defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: none ______________________________________________________________________

      ATLANTIC OCEAN

       [Map of Argentina]

      @Atlantic Ocean:Geography

      Location: body of water between Africa, Europe, Antarctica, and the

       Western Hemisphere

      Geographic coordinates: 0 00 N, 25 00 W

      Map references: World

      Area: total: 82.217 million sq km note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies

      Area - comparative: slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean)

      Coastline: 111,866 km

      Climate: tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of

       Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea;

       hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from

       August to November

      Terrain: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Puerto Rico Trench −8,605 m highest point : sea level 0 m

      Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones

      Natural hazards: icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern Atlantic Ocean; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May and extreme southern Atlantic from May to October; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September

      Environment - current issues: endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea

      Environment - international agreements: party to : none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: major choke points include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean

      @Atlantic Ocean:Government

      Data code: none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes appendix

      Economy

      Economy - overview: The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, the dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea).

      @Atlantic Ocean:Communications

      Telephone system: international: numerous submarine cables with most between continental Europe and the UK, between North America and the UK, and in the Mediterranean; numerous direct links across Atlantic via satellite networks

      @Atlantic Ocean:Transportation

      Ports and harbors: Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp

       (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca

       (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal),

       Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas

       (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London

       (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo СКАЧАТЬ