Название: The Epistle of Forgiveness
Автор: Abu l-'Ala al-Ma'arri
Издательство: Ingram
Жанр: Историческая литература
Серия: Library of Arabic Literature
isbn: 9780814769706
isbn:
فلا تشلَلْ يدٌ فتكتْ بعمروٍ | فإنّك لن تُذَلَّ ولن تُضاما |
يجوز أن يرى الرجل رجلًا قد فتك بمن اسمه حَسّانُ أو عُطارِدُ أو غير ذلك، فيتمثّل بهذا البيت، فيكون عمرو فيه واقعًا على جميع من يُتمثَّل له به.
As for Aleppo—may God protect her!—she is a devoted mother, joined with all joy. I do not think (if God wills) that she will ever display a blameworthy lack of maternal devotion or neglect the duties imposed on her. The Sheikh—may God please the humanities by granting him lasting life!—has probably made Waḥshiyyah a substitute for those friends he missed, and whose equals no longer exist. It is similar in the idioms of the Arabs: they allude with one particular name to all other names. Someone will say, for example,89
May a hand that murdered ʿAmr not be lamed,
for you will no longer be humbled nor be wronged.
One man may see someone kill somebody called Ḥassān or ʿUṭārid, or some other name, and then quote this verse. Then “ʿAmr” stands for anybody for whom the verse is quoted.
24.3.2
وكذلك قول الراجز:
أَوْردَها سعدٌ وسعدٌ مشتمِلْ
صار ذلك مثلًا لكلِّ من عمل عملًا لم يُحْكمه، فيجوز أن يُقال لمن اسمه خالدٌ أو بَكرٌ أو ما شاء الله من الأسماء. ويضَعون في هذا الباب المؤنَّث موضع المذكَّر، والمذكّر موضع المؤنَّث، فيقولون للرجل: أطِرِّي فإنّكِ ناعلةٌ، والصيفَ ضيّعْتِ اللَّبَن، ومُحْسِنة فَهِيلي، وابتدئيهنَّ بعَفالِ سُبِيتِ. وإذا أرادوا أن يخبروا بأنّ المرأة كانت تفعل الخير ثمّ هلكتْ فانقطع ما كانت تفعله، جاز أن يقولوا: ذهب الخيرُ مع عمرو بن حُمَمَة. وجائزٌ أن يقولوا لمن يحذِّرونه من قُرب النّساء: لا تَبِتْ من بَكريٍّ قريبًا؛ والبكريُّ أخوك فلا تأمَنْه. ومثلُ هذا كثير.
It is the same with the verse by a rajaz poet:
Saʿd took them to the water, Saʿd being wrapped in his robe.90
This became a proverb for everyone who carries out a job but does not do it properly. It could be said about someone called Khālid or Bakr, or God knows what name. In the same vein one uses the feminine form for the masculine, or the masculine for the feminine; they will say to a man: “Woman, walk at the side of the path, for you have strong soles!”91 or “This summer you, woman, spoilt the milk!”92 or “You’re doing well, woman, pour out!”93 or “You, girl, say to them first: ‘Sluts, may you be kidnapped!’”94 If they want to tell that a woman used to do good but then died, so that whatever she did was discontinued, they could say: “The good has gone with ʿAmr ibn Ḥumamah.”95 They may say to someone, warning him against the proximity of women: “Don’t spend the night close to a man of the tribe of Bakr” or “The man of Bakr is your brother, but do not trust him.”96 There are many similar cases.
The Plight of Men of Letters
25.1.1
وأمَّا شكواه إليّ، فإنّني وإيّاه لَكَما قيل في المَثَل: الثّكْلى تُعين الثكلى، وعلى ذلك حمل الأصمعيُّ قول أبي دُواد:
ويُصيخ أحيانًا كما اسـ | ـتمع المُضلُّ دُعاءَ ناشدْ |
كِلانا بحمد الله مُضِلّ، فعلى من نحمل وعلى من نُدِلُّ؟ أمّا المطيّة فآلية، وأمّا المَزادة فخالية، والرّكْب يفتقر إلى الحَصاة، وكلّهم بَهَش للوَصاة:
يشكو إليّ جَمَلي طولَ السُّرى | صبرٌ جميلٌ فكِلانا مبْتلى |
إن اشتكتِ السَّمُرة سَفَنَ العاضدِ إلى السَّيالة، فإنها تشكو النّازلة إلى شاكٍ، والصّدق أفضل من الابتشاك. ولا أرتاب أنه يحفظ قول الفَزازيّ منذ خمسين حِجّة أو أكثر:
أعُيَينَ هَلّا إذ بُلِيتَ بحبِّها | كنتَ استعنتَ بفارغ العقلِ |
أقْبلتَ تبغي الغوْثَ من رجلٍ | والمستغاث إليه في شُغلِ |
As for the Sheikh’s complaint to me, we are both as it is said in the proverb: “One bereaved woman helps another.”97 This is how al-Aṣmaʿī interpreted the verse by Abū Duʾād:98
And he listens sometimes, as someone who has lost an animal
will listen to the call of another one who searches.
Both of us, God be praised,99 have lost something. Whom should we attack, upon whom can we pounce? The riding animal is weak and slow, the provision bag is empty, the riders are in need of a pebble,100 and all of them hurry longingly toward a palm branch.101
My camel complains to me about the lengthy nightly journey.
Decent fortitude! Both of us are suffering.102
If the thorny acacia tree complains about the adze of the woodsman to the thorny mimosa tree, then it complains of a mishap to another who complains.103 Speaking truthfully is better than mendacity. I do not doubt that the Sheikh has retained these verses of the man of Fazārah in his memory for some fifty or more years:104
ʿUyaynah, now that you are smitten with love for her,
why did you seek assistance from someone who has lost his mind?
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