The Times Style Guide: A guide to English usage. Ian Brunskill

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ that depend on water” beware this and similar phrases. All businesses depend on water to some extent; some businesses, eg farms, are especially dependent on water

      But there is no grammatical rule to prevent it starting a sentence; even Fowler describes this as a superstition. Be aware, however, that there are readers (and editors) who dislike it, and that it is easily overdone. Be sure, in any case, that “but” is the word you want; it often seems to be used to add a note of spurious drama where all that is meant is “and”

      buyout and buyback one word as nouns; but prefer buy-in, take-off, shake-out, shake-up, sell-off, sell-out etc with hyphens, wherever the composite noun looks hideous

      buzzword one word

       by-election

       bylaw

      bypass noun or verb

       by-product

       bystander

      byte (abbreviate as B) is a computer term for a small collection of bits (binary digits), roughly equivalent to one character. Do not confuse with bite (as with teeth). But note soundbite

      Byzantine cap in historical context (art, architecture, empire); lower case in general use (complexities etc)

Cc

      cabbie (not cabby) as colloquialism for taxi driver

      cabinet lower case in both British and foreign use, whether used as a noun or adjectivally, except (rarely) if a cap seems absolutely necessary to avoid confusion. Note Cabinet Office, but cabinet secretary (or secretary of the cabinet), war cabinet. All cabinet committees should be lower case, eg the cabinet committee on science and technology

      Caernarfon (town and parliamentary constituency, no longer Caernarvon), but Lord Carnarvon

      caesarean section lower case. Babies are delivered, not born, by this surgery

      café with accent

      caffeine prefer to caffein

      cagoule but kaftan

      call centre noun, two words; hyphen as adjective, eg call-centre manager

      call-up (noun), but to call up

      camaraderie not cameraderie

      Cambridge, University of colleges and halls are: Christ’s College; Churchill College; Clare College; Clare Hall; Corpus Christi College; Darwin College; Downing College; Emmanuel College; Fitzwilliam College; Girton College; Gonville and Caius College; Homerton College; Hughes Hall; Jesus College; King’s College; Lucy Cavendish College; Magdalene College; Murray Edwards College (formerly known as New Hall); Newnham College; Pembroke College; Peterhouse; Queens’ College; Robinson College; St Catharine’s College; St Edmund’s College; St John’s College; Selwyn College; Sidney Sussex College; Trinity College; Trinity Hall; Wolfson College

      came as or comes as overused device that links, or tries to link, two loosely related bits of news within a single story (“The announcement of the rise in interest rates came as demonstrators took to the streets”); often smacks of desperation

      camellia not camelia

      camomile prefer to chamomile

      Canada nationally there is a prime minister; in the provinces there are premiers

      Canadians are rightly annoyed when they are designated as Americans. Beware. Among prominent Canadians are Paul Anka, kd lang, Joni Mitchell, Donald Sutherland, Neil Young etc etc

      canal boats do not use the term “barge” indiscriminately; barges are towed, unpowered boats for transporting cargo. Use the term narrow boats for the boats on the narrow 7ft-wide canals, or canal boats for wider vessels on wider canals. If in doubt, use canal boat (never canal barge)

      canapé accent

      cancer take care not to describe cancer as “the biggest killer” in the UK. Heart disease is. Beware of writing about cancer in terms of battles, fights, brave struggles etc: such language can imply a lack of strength or effort or will on the part of others who succumb to the disease; this rightly upsets and offends

      cannon (military) same form for singular and plural; but canons (ecclesiastical, both churchmen and church laws), and canon as a collection/list of an author

      Canute prefer the traditional spelling to the more historically authentic Cnut, if only to mitigate the consequences of careless typing. Remember that his intention on the seashore was to demonstrate the worthlessness of temporal power; he knew he was going to get wet

      canvas (as in painting); plural is canvases; canvasses with central ss is of the verb “to canvass” (ie polling)

      CAP all caps for clarity; when spelt out is lower case common agricultural policy; similarly, common fisheries policy (CFP)

      cap and trade noun; adjectivally hyphenate, eg a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions

      capitalisation too many capital letters are ugly and distracting. Capitals are often unnecessary. Try to avoid them unless to do so causes confusion or looks absurd. There will always be room for discretion and common sense, and clarity is more important than consistency, but if in doubt use lower case. Do not use capitals to indicate importance or (with some rare, specified exceptions) as a mark of respect. Avoid especially what the 1959 edition of this guide called the “local interest” capital: “the Canteen of the works journal, the Umpire of the laws of cricket, the Directors of the company prospectus, the Village Hall of the parish magazine”.

      The following guidance sets out some general principles. See also under individual alphabetical entries.

       Job descriptions, titles and names

      Almost all job descriptions should be lower case. This includes all company chairmen, vice-presidents, managing directors, chief executive officers, general secretaries, ambassadors, editors etc.

      There are, however, some (not many) job descriptions that are also titles, ie that are commonly (and formally) used in conjunction with the proper name of the person holding the position in question. These take a capital when used as titles in front of the name but lower case at all other times. So, for instance, we would refer to President Trump but to Donald Trump’s election as president of the United States. We would refer to President Putin but to the Russian president’s influence on the world. We would refer to Professor Jones, but to the professor’s latest book.

      In British СКАЧАТЬ