El sistema financiero a finales de la Edad Media: instrumentos y métodos. AAVV

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СКАЧАТЬ Birthday, Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2012, pp. 77-88.

¹² For court roll-recorded recognizances, see for instance the examples given in Phillipp R. Schofield: «Peasant debt in English manorial courts: form and nature», in Julie-Mayade Claustre (ed.): La Dette et le juge. Juridiction gracieuse et jurisdiction contenieuse du XIII^e au XV^e siècle, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2007, p. 57, and the discussion by C. Briggs: Credit and village society, pp. 79-82 and p. 225 for a further example.

¹³ See, for instance, Ph. R. Schofield: «L’endettement et le credit», p. 81; J. S. Beckerman: «Customary law», p. 286.

¹⁴ See, for instance, some examples offered in C. Briggs: Credit and village society, pp. 224-227. The development of law in the manor court in the period c. 1250-c. 1350 is the subject of the project «Private law and medieval village society: personal actions in manor courts, c. 12501350», funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, 2006-2009, grant reference AH/ D502713/1; the project team comprised Chris Briggs and Matthew Tompkins as project researchers; Richard Smith was principal investigator, with the present author as co-investigator. A volume arising from the project and edited by Briggs and Schofield will be published by the Selden Society: http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/selden_society/pub.html#avp (last accessed 16 March 2015).

¹⁵ See, in particular, the discussion of these developments in J. S. Beckerman: «Procedural innovation».

¹⁶ C. Briggs: «Manor court procedures».

¹⁷ Phillipp R. Schofield: «Peasants, litigation and agency in medieval England: the development of law in manorial courts in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries», in Janet Burton, Phillipp R. Schofield & Björn Weiler (ed.): Thirteenth-century England XIV, Woodbridge, Boydell and Brewer, 2013, pp. 15-25.

¹⁸ See, for discussion of this particular point, C. Briggs & Ph. R. Schofield: «Understanding Edwardian villagers’ use of law», pp. 132-135.

¹⁹ For an instance, see Phillipp R. Schofield: «Peasants and the manor court: gossip and litigation in a Suffolk village at the close of the thirteenth century», Past and Present, 159 (1998), pp. 15-16, and especially n. 47.

²⁰ See, for instance, Messing, court of 15 May 1296, Essex Record Office D/DH X1; East and West Hanningfield, court of 28 April 1332, Essex Record Office D/DP M 832; Foxton, court of 7 Oct. 1275, Trinity College, Cambridge Box 27 roll 3.

²¹ Horsham St Faith, court of 31 May 1316, Norfolk Record Office, NRS 19505. For a similar instance, see West Halton, court of 14 July 1315, Westminster Abbey Muniments 14545.

²² Bottisham, court of 14 Aug 1344, The National Archive, SC2/155/49, 29 r. and d.

²³ See, for instance, Bottisham, court of 2 Oct. 1344, The National Archive [hereafter TNA] SC2/155/49, 30r.

²⁴ Ph. R. Schofield: «Peasants, litigation and agency», pp. 22-23.

²⁵ Langdon (Staffs), Staffordshire Record Office D(W)1734/2/1/598, m.1r, courts of 12 January 1328, 18 January 1334, 9 October 1335; noted as bailiff of Norton Canes or Wyrley, court of 26 April 1328, D(W)1734/2/1/598, m.4r.

²⁶ Langdon (Staffs), court of 12 January 1328, Staffordshire Record Office D(W)1734/2/1/598, m.1r.

²⁷ Zvi Razi & Richard M. Smith: «The origins of the English manorial court rolls as a written record: a puzzle», in Z. Razi & R. M. Smith (ed.): Medieval Society and the Manor Court, pp. 45-49.

²⁸ See, for instance, the complaints against the actions of the steward of Christ Church Canterbury by the tenants of Bocking, John F. Nichols: «An early fourteenth century petition from the tenants of Bocking to their manorial lord», Economic History Review, II (1929-30), pp. 300-307.

²⁹ Paul A. Brand: «Stewards, bailiffs and the emerging legal profession in the later thirteenth century», in Ralph Evans (ed.): Lordship and learning. Studies in memory of Trevor Aston, Woodbridge , Boydell & Brewer, 2004, pp. 139-153.

³⁰ Ruyton (Shropshire), court of 3 June 1344, Shropshire Archives 6000 /7401, m.6r.

³¹ C. Briggs: Credit and village society, pp. 57-62.

³² Ibidem, pp. 60-61.

³³ Ibidem, p. 60; a sum of 20 s. was equivalent to almost four quarters of wheat, based on David Farmer’s average grain price for the period 1330/1-1346/7, or in other words, sufficient higher quality grain to feed four people for a year, David L. Farmer: «Prices and wages», in Herbert E. Hallam (ed.): The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. II, 1042-1350, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 787-791.

³⁴ Ph. R. Schofield: «Dealing in crisis».

³⁵ Ibidem, Figure 1 and associated discussion citing data in C. Briggs: Credit and village society, p. 59.

³⁶ Ph. R. Schofield: «Dealing in crisis», Figure 2 and associated discussion citing data in Ph. R. Schofield: «Social economy», p. 54.

³⁷ James Davis: Medieval market morality. Life, law and ethics in the English marketplace, 1200-1500, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 207-211 (quote at p. 208); Select cases concerning the law merchant, volume 1, ed. Charles Gross: Selden Society, 23, 1908, pp. xxiii-xxvii.

³⁸ Robert L. Henry: Contracts in the local courts of medieval England, London, Longmans, 1926, pp. 68-69.

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