Global Residence and Citizenship Programs 2016. Henley & Partners
Чтение книги онлайн.
Читать онлайн книгу Global Residence and Citizenship Programs 2016 - Henley & Partners страница 7
Название: Global Residence and Citizenship Programs 2016
Автор: Henley & Partners
Издательство: Ingram
Жанр: Юриспруденция, право
isbn: 9780992781897
isbn:
The IMD World Competitiveness Center also publishes the yearly IMD World Talent Report22. In this context, talent is understood as the skills and competencies necessaries to successfully perform specific activities. The talent report assesses the extent to which countries develop, attract and retain talent in order to sustain the talent pool available for enterprises operating in their economies.
The following table introduces the overall 2015 IMD World Competitiveness Ranking, the two survey rankings based on the image abroad and quality of life criteria, and the overall 2015 IMD World Talent Report. Please note that Table 1 only presents those countries that are common to the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking/Talent Report and the Global Residence Program Index (GRPI; not shown in this article).
In general there is a strong correlation between a country’s overall competitiveness ranking and its international image as a place to do business. The sample presented includes five of the top 10 countries from the overall competitiveness ranking. Four of those five countries also make it to the top 10 for having an image abroad that encourages business development, according to executives based in each of these countries. Some executives, however, are far gloomier about their countries’ images which leads to some incongruities between the competitiveness ranking and a country’s image. For example, the US ranks first in overall competitiveness but emerges in the 23th spot for image abroad. Similarly, Belgium ranks 23th and 37th respectively.
Table 1. Competitiveness and Relevant Criteria
In relation to the quality of life, it seems that most executives residing in the top 10 countries of the competitiveness ranking find the quality of life in those countries in need of enrichment; for example, Singapore ranks 3rd in the overall ranking but emerges 17th in the quality of life criterion. Of the sample presented, only Switzerland and Canada remain in the top 10 countries of both rankings.
Executives from countries found in the lower rankings of competitiveness conceived the quality of life in those countries as high. For example, Greece ranks 50th in competitiveness but 36th in quality of life; similarly, Spain ranks 37th and 21st respectively while Austria ranks 26th in overall competitiveness but 3rd in quality of life. This trend is consistent with studies that note an inverse relationship between economic progress and elements of the quality of life, such as a healthy environment23.
The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking and the GRPI largely coincide; although there are few exceptions. In the competitiveness rankings, Singapore and Hong Kong are placed in the top half of the group (3rd and 2nd respectively) while they rank in the bottom half of the GRPI (14th and 16th respectively). Similarly, Portugal ranks 36th in the competitiveness ranking (bottom half) while it ranks first in the GRPI.
It is also interesting to note the parallels between the overall rankings of the IMD World Talent Report and the GRPI. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Portugal, Switzerland, the UK and the US are placed in the top half of both rankings. Although, as in the case of the competitiveness ranking, there are some disparities: Hong Kong, Singapore and the UAE rank in the top half in talent development (12th, 10th and 20th, respectively) but they remain in the bottom third of the GRPI. Incongruences, however, do not lessen the importance of the dynamics: It seems that there is a growing interconnectedness between a country’s talent development patterns and the effectiveness of its residence program. It may be the case that the inflow of overseas highly-qualified personnel results in a knowledge/competencies ‘spillover’ among the receiving country’s workforce. Further research is thus necessary to understand the impact of the interactions between ‘brain-gain’ and residence programs.
Dr. Caballero is a Senior Economist at the IMD World Competitiveness Center. His research interests focus on the sources of competitiveness with emphasis on the competitiveness of enterprises. He is particularly interested in behaviors and processes that strengthen the competitiveness of firms. Dr. Caballero has conducted research at the IMD Global Board Center, the International Institute for Corporate Governance (Yale School of Management) and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER, US). In addition, he has acted as an academic advisor to the World Justice Project in the development of the Rule of Law Index. He has also worked as a consultant for the European Union Support Program for Central American Integration, the Private Sector Advisory Department at the World Bank, the International Investment Corporation (World Bank), and the Inter-American Development Bank.
Dr. Caballero has taught at the University of Warwick (UK) and the University of the West of England (Bristol, UK). He holds a PhD (Politics and International Studies) from the University of Warwick and an MA (Social Science: Government) from Harvard University.
21The sample covered by the IMD Talent Report includes the same 61 countries assessed by the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking. IMD World Talent Report 2015, IMD World Competitiveness Center, Lausanne. Available from: http://www.imd.org/wcc/news-talent-report/
22Diener, E. & Suh, E., 1997. Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40(1-2), p. 189–216
23https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/285220/Tier1investmentRoute.pdf [accessed 08 Feb 2016
The Importance of Due Diligence in the Context of Investment Migration Programs
Damien Martinez
Thomson Reuters
Paris/France
Several countries around the world offer economic citizenship or immigrant investor programs to attract global investors. In return for an investment into the country, the investor receives citizenship and a passport. Investment may be indirect investment, which generally requires naturalization by a period of residence; or through a direct program involving a donation to charities, investment in real estate or business. Each program has mandatory conditions that must be satisfied before citizenship is granted, but these vary by country. In some countries, the investor has no obligation beyond the investment. It is critical that countries clearly understand the background and verify the good character of the applicant, as well as confirming that the source of funds invested is not from money laundering, drug or human trafficking, or other criminal activities.
Countries that offer these programs hope to benefit by stimulating their economies through the capital invested as well as through the deployment of the skills and experience of the immigrant investors. Different programs have different degrees of state involvement in the investment. Certain countries may require СКАЧАТЬ