Название: History of Julius Caesar Vol. 1 of 2
Автор: Napoleon III
Издательство: Public Domain
Жанр: Биографии и Мемуары
isbn:
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17
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 24.
18
These questions have been the object of learned researches; but, after an attentive perusal of the works of Beaufort, Niebuhr, Gœttling, Duruy, Marquardt, Mommsen, Lange, &c., the difference of opinions is discouraging: we have adopted those which appeared most probable.
19
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, V. 40. – Titus Livius, II. 16.
20
Titus Livius, II. 48. – Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IX. 15.
21
Titus Livius, II. 64.
22
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, X. 15.
23
“They called a
24
“The plebs was composed of all the mass of the people which was neither senator nor patrician.” (See Festus, under the words
25
“Populus autem non omnis hominum cœtus quoquo modo congregatus, sed cœtus multitudinis juris consensu et utilitatis communione sociatus.” – (Cicero,
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“Populus curiatis eum (Numam) comitiis regem esse jusserat. Tullum Hostilium populus regem, interrege rogante, comitiis curiatis creavit. Servius, Tarquinio sepulto, populum de se ipse consuluit jussusque regnare legem de imperio suo curiatam tulit.” (Cicero,
27
“The predecessors of Servius Tullius brought all causes before their tribunal, and pronounced judgment themselves in all disputes which regarded the State or individuals. He separated these two things, and, reserving to himself the cognizance of affairs which concerned the State, abandoned to other judges the causes of individuals, with injunctions, nevertheless, to regulate their judgments according to the laws which he had passed.” (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 25.)
28
“The consuls, like the ancient kings, have twelve lictors carrying axes and twelve lictors carrying rods.” (Appian,
29
“From that time Tarquinius Superbus carried, during the rest of his life, a crown of gold, a toga of embroidered purple, and a sceptre of ivory, and his throne was also of ivory; when he administered justice, or walked abroad in the town, he was preceded by twelve lictors, who carried axes surrounded with rods. (
30
“The soldiers of Romulus, to the number of three thousand, were divided into three bodies, called ‘tribes.’” (Dio Cassius,
31
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II. 35. Attempts have been made to explain in different ways the origin of the word
32
Titus Livius, 1. 43.
33
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II. 14, and IV. 20.
34
“The appeal to the people existed even under the kings, as the books of the pontiffs show.” (Cicero,
35
Plutarch,
36
“Servius Tullius conformed no longer as aforetime to the ancient order of three tribes, distinguished by
37
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, III. 61. – Titus Livius, I. 35.
38
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 22.
39
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 19. “Servius Tullius, by these means, threw back upon the richest all the costs and dangers of war.” (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 20.)
40
“If Numa was the legislator of the religious institutions, posterity proclaims Servius as the founder of the order which distinguishes in the Republic the difference of rank, dignity, and fortune. It was he who established the
41
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 16.
42
“When Servius Tullius had completed the taking of the census, he ordered all the citizens to assemble in arms in the greatest of the fields situated near the town, and, having arranged the horsemen in squadrons, the footmen in phalanx, and the light-armed men in respective orders, he submitted them to a lustration, by the immolation of a bull, a ram, and a he-goat. He ordered that the victims should be led thrice round about the army, after which he sacrificed to Mars, to whom this field was dedicated. From that epoch to the present time the Romans have continued to have the same ceremony performed, by the most holy of magistracies, at the completion of each census; it is what they call a
43
“This good order of government (under Servius Tullius) was sustained among the Romans during several centuries, but in our days it has been changed, and, by force of circumstances, has given place to a more democratic system. It is not that the centuries have been abolished, but the voters were no longer called together with the ancient regularity, and their judgments have no longer the same equity, as I have observed in my frequent attendance at the comitia.” (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, IV. 21.)
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“The poorest citizens, in spite of their great number, were the last to give their vote, and СКАЧАТЬ