The Science of Reading. Группа авторов

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      Notes

      1 1 As applied in the Construction Integration model, “construction” contrasts sharply with its use in other comprehension accounts, where it entails an active role for the reader in constructing understanding (e.g., Graesser et al., 1994).

      2 2 English spellings are less irregular when additional factors are considered: the relative frequencies of different letter‐phoneme mappings, the within‐word positional constraints imposed by phonotactics and spelling conventions (Kessler, 2003), and the islands of regularity afforded by morphology (Rastle, this volume).

CHAPTER TWO Models of Word Reading : What Have We Learned?

      Mark S. Seidenberg, Molly Farry‐Thorn, and Jason D. Zevin

      In reading, much depends on word recognition. Words are the elements out of which expressions are composed. They act as hubs that index the many types of information used in comprehending and producing language, whether written, spoken, or signed (Seidenberg, 2017). Words encode information about their meanings and senses, their internal structure (principally syllables, morphemes, phonemes), and their grammatical functions (e.g., noun, verb). They also СКАЧАТЬ