The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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       President Zhelyu ZHELEV (since 1 August 1990)

       Head of Government:

       Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Premier) Filip DIMITROV (since 8

       November 1991); Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Deputy Prime

       Minister) Stoyan GANEV (since 8 November 1991); Deputy Chairman of the

       Council of Ministers Nikolay VASILEV (since 8 November 1991)

       Political parties and leaders:

       government:

       Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), Filip DIMITROV, chairman, consisting of

       United Democratic Center, Democratic Party, Radical Democratic Party,

       Christian Democratic Union, Alternative Social Liberal Party, Republican

       Party, Civic Initiative Movement, Union of the Repressed, and about a dozen

       other groups; Movement for Rights and Freedoms (pro-Muslim party) (MRF),

       Ahmed DOGAN, chairman, supports UDF but not officially in coalition with it

       opposition:

       Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), formerly Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP),

       Zhan VIDENOV, chairman

       Suffrage:

       universalandcompulsoryatage 18

       Elections:

       National Assembly:

       last held 13 October 1991; results - BSP 33%, UDF 34%, MRF 7.5%; seats -

       (240 total) BSP 106, UDF 110, Movement for Rights and Freedoms 24

       President:

       last held 12 January 1992; second round held 19 January 1992; results -

       Zhelyu ZHELEV was elected by popular vote

       Communists:

       Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), formerly Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP),

       501,793 members; several small Communist parties

      :Bulgaria Government

      Other political or pressure groups:

       Ecoglasnost; Podkrepa (Support) Labor Confederation; Fatherland Union;

       Bulgarian Democratic Youth (formerly Communist Youth Union); Confederation

       of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria (KNSB); Nationwide Committee for

       Defense of National Interests; Peasant Youth League; Bulgarian Agrarian

       National Union - United (BZNS); Bulgarian Democratic Center; "Nikola Petkov"

       Bulgarian Agrarian National Union; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary

       Organization - Union of Macedonian Societies (IMRO-UMS); numerous regional,

       ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas

       Member of:

       BIS, CCC, CE, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IIB, ILO,

       IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NACC, NSG, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,

       UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

       Diplomatic representation:

       Ambassador Ognyan PISHEV; Chancery at 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC

       20008; telephone (202) 387-7969

       US:

       Ambassador Hugh Kenneth HILL; Embassy at 1 Alexander Stamboliski Boulevard,

       Sofia (mailing address is APO AE 09213-5740); telephone [359] (2) 88-48-01

       through 05; Embassy has no FAX machine

       Flag:

       three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national

       emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it

       contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red

       five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian

       state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control)

      :Bulgaria Economy

      Overview:

       Growth in the lackluster Bulgarian economy fell to the 2% annual level in

       the 1980s. By 1990, Sofia's foreign debt had skyrocketed to over $10 billion

       - giving a debt-service ratio of more than 40% of hard currency earnings and

       leading the regime to declare a moratorium on its hard currency payments.

       The post-Communist government faces major problems of renovating an aging

       industrial plant; coping with worsening energy, food, and consumer goods

       shortages; keeping abreast of rapidly unfolding technological developments;

       investing in additional energy capacity (the portion of electric power from

       nuclear energy reached over one-third in 1990); and motivating workers, in

       part by giving them a share in the earnings of their enterprises. Bulgaria's

       new government, led by Prime Minister Filip Dimitrov, is strongly committed

       to economic reform. The previous government, even though dominated by former

       Communists, had taken the first steps toward dismantling the central

       planning system, bringing the economy back into balance, and reducing

       inflationary pressures. The program produced some encouraging early results,

       including eased restrictions on foreign investment, increased support from

       international financial institutions, and liberalized currency trading.

       Small entrepreneurs have begun to emerge and some privatization of small

       enterprises has taken place. The government has passed bills to privatize

       large state-owned enterprises and reform the banking system. Negotiations on

       an association agreement with the EC began in late 1991.

       GNP:

       purchasing power equivalent - $36.4 billion, СКАЧАТЬ