The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       22,000 km total; 458 km bituminous, 10,542 km improved earth, 11,000

       unimproved earth

       Inland waterways:

       800 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts;

       Oubangui is the most important river

       Civil air:

       2 major transport aircraft

       Airports:

       66 total, 52 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways

       over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       fair system; network relies primarily on radio relay links, with

       low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication also used; broadcast stations -

       1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      :Central African Republic Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Central African Army (including Republican Guard), Air Force, National

       Gendarmerie, Police Force

       Manpower availability:

       males 15-49, 677,889; 354,489 fit for military service

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $23 million, 1.8% of GDP (1989 est.)

      :Chad Geography

      Total area:

       1,284,000 km2

       Land area:

       1,259,200 km2

       Comparative area:

       slightly more than three times the size of California

       Land boundaries:

       5,968 km; Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055

       km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

       Coastline:

       none - landlocked

       Maritime claims:

       none - landlocked

       Disputes:

       Libya claims and occupies the 100,000 km2 Aozou Strip in the far north;

       demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has

       led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification

       by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria

       Climate:

       tropical in south, desert in north

       Terrain:

       broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest,

       lowlands in south

       Natural resources:

       crude oil (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin,

       fish (Lake Chad)

       Land use:

       arable land 2%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 36%; forest and

       woodland 11%; other 51%; includes irrigated NEGL%

       Environment:

       hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; drought and desertification

       adversely affecting south; subject to plagues of locusts

       Note:

       landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

      :Chad People

      Population:

       5,238,908 (July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)

       Birth rate:

       42 births/1,000 population (1992)

       Death rate:

       21 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

       Net migration rate:

       0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

       Infant mortality rate:

       136 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       39 years male, 41 years female (1992)

       Total fertility rate:

       5.3 children born/woman (1992)

       Nationality:

       noun - Chadian(s); adjective - Chadian

       Ethnic divisions:

       some 200 distinct ethnic groups, most of whom are Muslims (Arabs, Toubou,

       Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba) in

       the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye,

       Moundang, Moussei, Massa) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, of whom

       1,000 are French

       Religions:

       Muslim 44%, Christian 33%, indigenous beliefs, animism 23%

       Languages:

       French and Arabic (official); Sara and Sango in south; more than 100

       different languages and dialects are spoken

       Literacy:

       30% (male 42%, female 18%) age 15 and over can read and write French or

       Arabic (1990 est.)

       Labor force:

       NA; agriculture (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and

       fishing) 85%

       Organized labor:

       about 20% of wage labor force

      :Chad Government

      Long-form name:

       Republic of Chad

       Type:

       СКАЧАТЬ