Building an Effective Security Program for Distributed Energy Resources and Systems. Mariana Hentea
Чтение книги онлайн.
Читать онлайн книгу Building an Effective Security Program for Distributed Energy Resources and Systems - Mariana Hentea страница 27
Название: Building an Effective Security Program for Distributed Energy Resources and Systems
Автор: Mariana Hentea
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Жанр: Физика
isbn: 9781119070436
isbn:
1.5.3 DER Information Systems
As DERs are used in the Smart Grid, a brief overview of DER systems helps security engineers and control engineers to understand the scope of DER tasks before planning for security protection. Examples of DER information systems (called also DER systems) that are used for DER operations and other tasks include the following:
Wide area situational awareness encompasses monitoring and display of power system components and performance across interconnections and over large geographic areas in near real time. The goals of situational awareness are to understand and ultimately optimize the management of power network components (including DERs), behavior, and performance, as well as to anticipate, prevent, or respond to problems before disruptions can arise.
Cybersecurity management encompasses measures to ensure the protection of information, control systems, IT systems, and telecommunication infrastructures that support DERs.
Network management includes monitoring, reporting, and control of communications; for example, DER systems use a variety of public and private communication networks, both wired and wireless; the identification of performance metrics and core operational requirements of different applications is also critical to the Smart Grid.
DR management and automation is focused on maximizing performance of DERs and PEVs; automation of distribution systems becomes increasingly more important to the efficient and reliable operation of the overall power system; the benefits of distribution management include increased reliability, reductions in peak loads, and improved capabilities for managing distributed sources of renewable energy.
Energy storage management systems include means of storing energy, directly or indirectly, data acquisition, controls of communications, and security protections.
Electric transportation refers, primarily, to enabling large‐scale integration of PEVs to increase use of renewable sources of energy.
Database management systems and the communication‐associated networks that create a two‐way network between advanced meters and utility business systems, enabling collection and distribution of information to customers and other parties, such as the competitive retail supplier or the utility itself; customers may be consumers and producers of energy (owners of renewable and storage systems).
The following are examples of DER information systems that can be included in the category of management information systems:
DR and consumer energy efficiency encompasses mechanisms and incentives for utilities, business, industrial, and residential customers to cut energy use during times of peak demand or when power reliability is at risk; DR is necessary for optimizing the balance of power supply and demand.
Information security management system supports the approach to developing, implementing, and improving the effectiveness of an organization’s information security with regard to the management of risk.
Other categories of information systems may include:
End‐user computing systems to support the direct hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications.
Business information systems to support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of the organization, for example, integrated systems in Smart Grid.
Strategic information systems to support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of the organization.
1.6 Integrated Systems in a Smart Grid
OT represents a broad category of applications that utilities use for operations that include safe and reliable generation and delivery of energy. OT includes power equipment (e.g. operating gear, oil circuit breakers, solid‐state relays, and many devices in between) and control room applications such as SCADA systems that monitor the network, reaching out to devices as complex as substation gateways or to devices as simple as sensors. OT is often applied within a mission critical framework.
If OT is more focused in operations, IT systems are just the opposite. IT systems allow machines to exchange information directly with humans, usually within a second or longer. Examples include improved enterprise resource planning (ERP), geographic information systems (GIS), and customer relationship management (CRM) systems, along with office‐based productivity tools and mobile computing devices, which have now permeated the utility workplace. Until recently, the growth in IT stood independent of the hidden OT equipment, serving and protecting the grid. The interconnection of a wide array of traditional and emerging utility business and operation information systems such as EMS, DMS, SCADA, market management system (MMS), AMI, Customer Information System (CIS), and outage management system (OMS) allows the utilities, customers, and other service providers not only to monitor energy usage and grid status with higher precision and accuracy but also to analyze and activate distributed energy resources and storage options and construct pricing responses to appropriately reorient consumption patterns to balance available power generation capacity and demand continuously – all in real time. These activities require secure automated information exchange, analysis, and intelligent decision making distributed throughout the grid.
Therefore, the picture is starting to change. The Smart Grid is transforming utility operations and pushing IT across its traditional boundary into OT so rapidly that is blurring the distinction between the two categories (see Figure 1.21). The dynamics of IT and OT integration and how utilities can leverage this convergence for smarter, more cost‐effective, and more reliable operation are discussed in [Meyers 2013].