.

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ references: South America

      Area:

       total area: 8,511,965 sq km

       land area: 8,456,510 sq km

       comparative area: slightly smaller than the US

       note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas,

       Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao

       Paulo

      Land boundaries:

       total: 14,691 km

       border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia

       1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,

       Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

      Coastline: 7,491 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: short section of the boundary with

       Paraguay, just west of Salto das Sete Quedas (Guaira Falls) on the

       Rio Parana, is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with

       Uruguay are in dispute - Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada)

       area of the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the islands at the

       confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River

      Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south

      Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel,

       phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber

      Land use:

       arable land: 7%

       permanent crops: 1%

       meadows and pastures: 19%

       forest and woodland: 67%

       other: 6%

      Irrigated land: 27,000 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat

       and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal

       species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de

       Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation

       and water pollution caused by improper mining activities

       natural hazards: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and

       occasional frost in south

       international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered

       Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the

       Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not

       ratified - Desertification

      Geographic note: largest country in South America; shares common

       boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

      People———

      Population: 162,661,214 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 31% (male 25,286,278; female 24,422,897)

       15–64 years: 65% (male 52,232,435; female 53,094,724)

       65 years and over: 4% (male 3,072,720; female 4,552,160) (July 1996

       est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.16% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 20.8 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 9.19 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 55.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 61.62 years male: 56.67 years female: 66.81 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.34 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Brazilian(s)

       adjective: Brazilian

      Ethnic divisions: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian,

       Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed white and African 38%, African 6%, other

       (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%

      Religions: Roman Catholic (nominal) 70%

      Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 83.3%

       male: 83.3%

       female: 83.2%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil

       conventional short form: Brazil

       local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil

       local short form: Brasil

      Data code: BR

      Type of government: federal republic

СКАЧАТЬ