The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ commercial crops include sugarcane, bananas, coca, citrus fruits; expanding output of lumber and cultured shrimp; net importer of basic foods

      _#_Illicit drugs: an illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; eradication program cut marijuana production from 200 metric tons in 1987 to 66 metric tons in 1989; transshipment point for cocaine

      _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $104 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $199 million

      _#_Currency: Belizean dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Belizean dollar (Bz$) = 100 cents

      _#_Exchange rates: Belizean dollars (Bz$) per US$1—2.00 (fixed rate)

      _#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

      _*Communications #_Highways: 2,710 km total; 500 km paved, 1,600 km gravel, 300 km improved earth, and 310 km unimproved earth

      _#_Inland waterways: 825 km river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navigable

      _#_Ports: Belize City; additional ports for shallow draught craft include Corozol, Punta Gorda, Big Creek

      _#_Civil air: no major transport aircraft

      _#_Airports: 42 total, 32 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 2 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      _#_Telecommunications: 8,650 telephones; above-average system based on radio relay; stations—6 AM, 5 FM, 1 TV, 1 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      _*Defense Forces #_Branches: British Forces Belize, Belize Defense Force (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Volunteer Guard), Belize National Police

      _#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 53,184; 31,790 fit for military service; 2,545 reach military age (18) annually

      _#Defense expenditures: $4.8 million, 1.8% of GDP (1990 est.) % @Benin *Geography #_Total area: 112,620 km2; land area: 110,620 km2

      _#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

      _#_Land boundaries: 1,989 km total; Burkina 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km

      _#_Coastline: 121 km

      _#_Maritime claims:

      Territorial sea: 200 nm

      _#_Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

      _#_Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains

      _#_Natural resources: small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber

      _#_Land use: arable land 12%; permanent crops 4%; meadows and pastures 4%; forest and woodland 35%; other 45%, includes irrigated NEGL%

      _#_Environment: hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter; deforestation; desertification

      _#_Note: recent droughts have severely affected marginal agriculture in north; no natural harbors

      _*People #_Population: 4,831,823 (July 1991), growth rate 3.3% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 49 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 119 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 49 years male, 52 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Beninese (sing., pl.); adjective—Beninese

      _#_Ethnic divisions: African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba); Europeans 5,500

      _#_Religion: indigenous beliefs 70%, Muslim 15%, Christian 15%

      _#_Language: French (official); Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south; at least six major tribal languages in north

      _#_Literacy: 23% (male 32%, female 16%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

      _#_Labor force: 1,900,000 (1987); agriculture 60%, transport, commerce, and public services 38%, industry less than 2%; 49% of population of working age (1985)

      _#_Organized labor: about 75% of wage earners

      _*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Benin

      _#_Type: dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991

      _#_Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto)

      _#_Administrative divisions: 6 provinces; Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Mono, Oueme, Zou

      _#_Independence: 1 August 1960 (from France; formerly Dahomey)

      _#_Constitution: 2 December 1990

      _#_Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      _#_National holiday: National Day, 1 August (1990)

      _#_Executive branch: president, cabinet

      _#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

      _#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

      _#_Leaders:

      Chief of State and Head of Government—President Nicephore

       SOGLO (since 4 April 1991)

      _#_Political parties and leaders: the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB) headed by President Mathieu KEREKOU, chairman of the Central Committee, was dissolved 30 April 1990; Alliance of the Democratic Union for the Forces of Progress (UDFP), Timothee ADANLIN; Movement for Democracy and Social Progress (MDPS), Jean-Roger AHOYO; and the Union for Liberty and Development (ULD), Marcellin DEGBE;

      Alliance of the National Party for Democracy and Development (PNDD) and the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Pascal Chabi KAO;

      Alliance of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress (UNSP), Bruno AMOUSSOU;

      Our Common Cause (NCC), Albert TEVEODJRE;

       National Rally for Democracy (RND), Joseph KEKE;

      Alliance of the National Movement for Democracy and Development (MNDD); Movement for Solidarity, Union, and Progress (MSUP); and Union for Democracy and National Reconstruction (UDRN), Bertin BORNA;

      Union for Democracy and National Solidarity (UDS), Mama Amadou N'DIAYE;

       Assembly of Liberal Democrats for National Reconstruction (RDL),

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