The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - has dominated the country's political scene for four decades. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, allegations of electoral fraud during local elections in 2002–03 and the presidential elections in 2005 have exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Gabon's political opposition remains weak, divided, and financially dependent on the current regime. Despite political conditions, a small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make Gabon one of the more prosperous and stable African countries.

      Geography

       Gabon

      Location:

      Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between

       Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea

      Geographic coordinates:

      1 00 S, 11 45 E

      Map references:

      Africa

      Area:

      total: 267,667 sq km land: 257,667 sq km water: 10,000 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Colorado

      Land boundaries:

      total: 2,551 km border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km

      Coastline:

      885 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

      tropical; always hot, humid

      Terrain:

      narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Iboundji 1,575 m

      Natural resources:

      petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 1.21% permanent crops: 0.64% other: 98.15% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      70 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      164 cu km (1987)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.12 cu km/yr (50%/8%/42%) per capita: 87 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      NA

      Environment - current issues:

      deforestation; poaching

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity

      People

       Gabon

      Population:

      1,485,832 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 42.1% (male 314,078/female 311,900) 15–64 years: 53.9% (male 399,586/female 401,602) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 24,388/female 34,278) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 18.6 years male: 18.4 years female: 18.9 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      1.954% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      35.75 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      12.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      −3.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 52.65 deaths/1,000 live births male: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 53.52 years male: 52.5 years female: 54.57 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      4.68 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      8.1% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      48,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      3,000 (2003 est.)

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Gabonese (singular and plural) adjective: Gabonese

      Ethnic СКАЧАТЬ