The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter

      Terrain:

      mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,764 m

      Natural resources:

      petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 20.1% permanent crops: 4.21% other: 75.69% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      3,530 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      41.7 cu km (2001)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 1.71 cu km/yr (27%/11%/62%) per capita: 546 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought

      Environment - current issues:

      deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

      People

       Albania

      Population:

      3,619,778 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 23.6% (male 447,126/female 406,757) 15–64 years: 66.9% (male 1,239,819/female 1,180,720) 65 years and over: 9.5% (male 160,241/female 185,115) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 29.5 years male: 28.9 years female: 30.2 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.538% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      15.22 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      −4.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 19.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 77.78 years male: 75.12 years female: 80.71 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      2.02 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      NA

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      NA

      Nationality:

      noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian

      Ethnic groups:

      Albanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Roma (Gypsy), Serb, Macedonian, Bulgarian) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)

      Religions:

      Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% note: percentages are estimates; there are no available current statistics on religious affiliation; all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice

      Languages:

      Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach,

       Romani, Slavic dialects

      Literacy:

      definition: age 9 and over can read and write total population: 98.7% male: 99.2% female: 98.3% (2001 census)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 11 years male: 11 years female: 11 years (2004)

      Education expenditures:

      2.9% of GDP (2002)

      Government

       Albania

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Republic of Albania conventional short form: Albania local long form: Republika e Shqiperise local short form: Shqiperia former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

      Government type:

      emerging democracy

      Capital:

      name: Tirana (Tirane) geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 19 49 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

      Administrative divisions:

      12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Berat, Diber, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Korce, Kukes, Lezhe, Shkoder, Tirane, Vlore

      Independence:

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