The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ mortality rate:

      total: 23.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 71.71 years male: 68.15 years female: 75.45 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      2.22 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.7% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      660,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      15,000 (2003 est.)

      Nationality:

      noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian

      Ethnic groups:

      white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census)

      Religions:

      Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)

      Languages:

      Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); note - less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.6% male: 88.4% female: 88.8% (2004 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 15 years (2005)

      Education expenditures:

      4% of GDP (2004)

      Government

       Brazil

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil

       conventional short form: Brazil

       local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil

       local short form: Brasil

      Government type:

      federal republic

      Capital:

      name: Brasilia geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47 55 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in February note: Brazil is divided into four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands

      Administrative divisions:

      26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins

      Independence:

      7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

      National holiday:

      Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

      Constitution:

      5 October 1988

      Legal system:

      based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage:

      voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote

      Executive branch:

      chief of state: President Luiz Inacio "LULA" DA SILVA (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Jose ALENCAR (since 1 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Luiz Inacio "LULA" DA SILVA (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Jose ALENCAR (since 1 January 2003) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held 1 October 2006 with runoff 29 October 2006 (next to be held 3 October 2010 and, if necessary, 31 October 2010) election results: Luiz Inacio "LULA" DA SILVA (PT) reelected president - 60.83%, Geraldo ALCKMIN (PSDB) 39.17%

      Legislative branch:

      bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third and two-thirds elected every four years, alternately) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Federal Senate - last held 1 October 2006 for one-third of the Senate (next to be held in October 2010 for two-thirds of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 1 October 2006 (next to be held in October 2010) election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PFL 6, PSDB 5, PMDB 4, PTB 3, PT 2, PDT 1, PSB 1, PL 1, PPS 1, PRTB 1, PP 1, PCdoB 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 89, PT 83, PFL 65, PSDB 65, PP 42, PSB 27, PDT 24, PL 23, PTB 22, PPS 21, PCdoB 13, PV 13, PSC 9, other 17; note - as of 1 January 2008: Federal Senate - seats by party - PMDB 20, DEM (formerly PFL) 14, PSDB 13, PT 12, PTB 6, PDT 5, PR 4, PRB 2, PSB 2, PCdoB 1, PP 1, PSOL 1; Chamber of Deputies - seats by party - PMDB 90, PT 83, PSDB 64, DEM (formerly PFL) 62, PP 41, PR 34, PSB 28, PDT 23, PTB 21, PPS 17, PV 13, PCdoB 13, PSC 7, PAN 4, PSOL 3, PMN 3, PTC 3, PHS 2, PTdoB 1, PRB 1

      Judicial branch:

      Supreme Federal Tribunal or STF (11 ministers are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life); note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70

      Political parties and leaders:

      Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal Deputy Michel

       TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Roberto JEFFERSON]; Brazilian

       Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]; Brazilian

       Republican Party or PRB [Vitor Paulo Araujo DOS SANTOS]; Brazilian

       Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator Sergio GUERRA]; Brazilian

       Socialist Party or PSB [Governor СКАЧАТЬ