The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">      Currency code:

      BYB/BYR

      Exchange rates:

      Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar - 2,145 (2007), 2,144.6 (2006), 2,150 (2005), 2,160.26 (2004), 2,051.27 (2003)

      Communications

       Belarus

      Telephones - main lines in use:

      3.672 million (2007)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

      5.96 million (2006)

      Telephone system:

      general assessment: Belarus lags behind its neighbors in upgrading telecommunications infrastructure; state-owned Beltelcom is the sole provider of fixed-line local and long distance service; fixed-line teledensity of roughly 35 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of about 60 per 100 persons; modernization of the network progressing with roughly two-thirds of switching equipment now digital domestic: fixed-line penetration is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; 3 GSM wireless networks are experiencing rapid growth; strict government controls on telecommunications technologies international: country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations (2007)

      Radio broadcast stations:

      AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11 (1998)

      Radios:

      3.02 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

      47 (plus 27 repeaters) (1995)

      Televisions:

      2.52 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

      .by

      Internet hosts:

      68,118 (2008)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

      23 (2002)

      Internet users:

      6 million (2007)

      Transportation

       Belarus

      Airports:

      67 (2007)

      Airports - with paved runways:

      total: 36 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 22 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 7 (2007)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

      total: 31 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 27 (2007)

      Heliports:

      1 (2007)

      Pipelines:

      gas 5,250 km; oil 1,528 km; refined products 1,730 km (2007)

      Railways:

      total: 5,512 km broad gauge: 5,497 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified) standard gauge: 15 km 1.435 m (2006)

      Roadways:

      total: 94,797 km paved: 84,028 km unpaved: 10,769 km (2005)

      Waterways:

      2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country and by shallowness) (2003)

      Ports and terminals:

      Mazyr

      Military

       Belarus

      Military branches:

      Belarus Armed Forces: Land Force, Air and Air Defense Force (2008)

      Military service age and obligation:

      18–27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2005)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 2,491,643 females age 16–49: 2,528,779 (2008 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 1,727,974 females age 16–49: 2,093,106 (2008 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 64,232 female: 60,788 (2008 est.)

      Military expenditures:

      1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

      Transnational Issues

       Belarus

      Disputes - international:

      Boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania in 2006; 1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishing border security

      Illicit drugs:

      limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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      @Belgium

      Introduction

       Belgium

      Background:

      Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy.

      Geography

       Belgium

      Location:

      Western СКАЧАТЬ