The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the

       Netherlands

      Geographic coordinates:

      50 50 N, 4 00 E

      Map references:

      Europe

      Area:

      total: 30,528 sq km land: 30,278 sq km water: 250 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      about the size of Maryland

      Land boundaries:

      total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km

      Coastline:

      66.5 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limit continental shelf: median line with neighbors

      Climate:

      temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

      Terrain:

      flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: North Sea 0 m highest point: Signal de Botrange 694 m

      Natural resources:

      construction materials, silica sand, carbonates

      Land use:

      arable land: 27.42% permanent crops: 0.69% other: 71.89% note: includes Luxembourg (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      400 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      20.8 cu km (2005)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 7.44 cu km/yr (13%/85%/1%) per capita: 714 cu m/yr (1998)

      Natural hazards:

      flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

      Environment - current issues:

      the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) had slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,

       Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,

       Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,

       Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine

       Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO

      People

       Belgium

      Population:

      10,403,951 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 16.3% (male 864,287/female 828,435) 15–64 years: 66.3% (male 3,476,802/female 3,416,383) 65 years and over: 17.5% (male 751,745/female 1,066,299) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 41.4 years male: 40.2 years female: 42.7 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.106% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      10.22 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 79.07 years male: 75.9 years female: 82.38 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.65 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.2% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      10,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      fewer than 100 (2003 est.)

      Nationality:

      noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian

      Ethnic groups:

      Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%

      Religions:

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