The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      @Hungary

      Introduction Hungary

      Background:

       Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which

       collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule

       following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal

       from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention

       by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary

       began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash

       Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and

       initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU

       in 2004.

      Geography Hungary

      Location:

       Central Europe, northwest of Romania

      Geographic coordinates:

       47 00 N, 20 00 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 93,030 sq km

       land: 92,340 sq km

       water: 690 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Indiana

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,171 km

       border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km,

       Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km,

       Ukraine 103 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

      Terrain:

       mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the

       Slovakian border

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Tisza River 78 m

       highest point: Kekes 1,014 m

      Natural resources:

       bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

      Land use: arable land: 50.09% permanent crops: 2.06% other: 47.85% (2001)

      Irrigated land: 2,100 sq km (1998 est.)

      Environment - current issues: the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,

       Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

      Geography - note:

       landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between

       Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and

       Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza

       Rivers divide the country into three large regions

      People Hungary

      Population:

       10,006,835 (July 2005 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 15.8% (male 813,203/female 769,687)

       15–64 years: 69.1% (male 3,405,559/female 3,511,141)

       65 years and over: 15.1% (male 547,323/female 959,922) (2005 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 38.57 years

       male: 36.1 years

       female: 41.24 years (2005 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       −0.26% (2005 est.)

      Birth rate:

       9.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

      Death rate:

       13.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 8.57 deaths/1,000 live births

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