The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ for nine-year terms)

      Political parties and leaders:

       Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Hungarian Civic

       Alliance or Fidesz-MPP [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian

       Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic

       People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian

       Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]; Hungarian

       Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

       NA

      International organization participation:

       Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA

       (cooperating state), EU (new member), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,

       ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,

       Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA,

       NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

       UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member

       affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Andras SIMONYI FAX: [1] (202) 966–8135 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York telephone: [1] (202) 362–6730 chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador George Herbert WALKER embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest mailing address: pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521–5270 telephone: [36] (1) 475–4400 FAX: [36] (1) 475–4764

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green

      Economy Hungary

      Economy - overview:

       Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a

       market economy, with a per capita income one-half that of the Big

       Four European nations. Hungary continues to demonstrate strong

       economic growth and joined the European Union in May 2004. The

       private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of

       and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative

       foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989.

       Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest

       rating among all the Central European transition economies.

       Inflation has declined substantially, from 14% in 1998 to 4.7% in

       2003; unemployment has persisted around the 6% level. Germany is by

       far Hungary's largest economic partner. Short-term issues include

       the reduction of the public sector deficit and further increasing

       the flexibility of the labor markets.

      GDP:

       purchasing power parity - $139.8 billion (2003 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

       2.9% (2003 est.)

      GDP - per capita:

       purchasing power parity - $13,900 (2003 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.3% industry: 32.5% services: 64.2% (2003 est.)

      Investment (gross fixed):

       22% of GDP (2003)

      Population below poverty line:

       8.6% (1993 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 20.5% (1998)

      Distribution of family income - Gini index:

       24.4 (1998)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       4.7% (2003 est.)

      Labor force:

       4.164 million (2003)

      Labor force - by occupation:

       agriculture 8%, industry 27%, services 65% (1996)

      Unemployment rate:

       5.9% (2003 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $35 billion

       expenditures: $39.88 billion, including capital expenditures of NA

       (2003 est.)

      Public debt:

       57% of GDP (2003)

      Agriculture - products:

       wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle,

       poultry, dairy products

      Industries:

       mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods,

       textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

      Industrial production growth rate:

       6.4% (2003 est.)

      Electricity - production:

       34.39 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - consumption:

       35.15 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       7.261 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       10.43 billion kWh (2001)

      Oil - production:

       41,190 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       140,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       47,180 bbl/day (2001)

      Oil - imports:

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