The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Flag description: light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Agriculture still provides a livelihood for more than 80% of the population but supplies only about 50% of food needs and accounts for only 4% of GDP. Subsistence farming and cattle raising predominate. Diamond mining and tourism also are important to the economy. The sector is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. Substantial mineral deposits were found in the 1970s and the mining sector grew from 25% of GDP in 1980 to 35% in 1997. Unemployment officially is 21% but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$5.25 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 3% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$3,600 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 4% industry: 45% (including 35% mining) services: 51% (1997 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA%

       highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9% (1997 est.)

      Labor force: 235,000 formal sector employees (1995)

      Labor force—by occupation: 100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including 14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 20–40% (1997 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $1.6 billion

       expenditures: $1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $560

       million (FY96/97)

      Industries: diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash,

       potash; livestock processing

      Industrial production growth rate: 4.6% (FY92/93)

      Electricity—production: 990 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 1.675 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 685 million kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: sorghum, maize, millet, pulses, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, cowpeas, sunflower seed; livestock

      Exports: $2.25 billion (f.o.b. 1998 est.)

      Exports—commodities: diamonds 76%, copper, nickel 4%, meat (1997)

      Exports—partners: EU 74%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 21%, Zimbabwe 3% (1996)

      Imports: $2.43 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

      Imports—commodities: foodstuffs, vehicles and transport

       equipment, textiles, petroleum products

      Imports—partners: Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 78%,

       Europe 8%, Zimbabwe 6% (1996)

      Debt—external: $610 million (1997)

      Economic aid—recipient: $73 million (1995)

      Currency: 1 pula (P) = 100 thebe

      Exchange rates: pulas (P) per US$1—4.5725 (January 1999), 4.2258 (1998), 3.6508 (1997), 3.3242 (1996), 2.7722 (1995), 2.6846 (1994)

      Fiscal year: 1 April—31 March

      Communications

      Telephones: 19,109 (1985 est.)

      Telephone system: sparse system domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations international: microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station—1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998)

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)

      Televisions: 13,800 (1993 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways: total: 971 km narrow gauge: 971 km 1.067-m gauge (1995)

      Highways: total: 18,482 km paved: 4,343 km unpaved: 14,139 km (1996 est.)

      Ports and harbors: none

      Airports: 92 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 12 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 80 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 57 under 914 m: 21 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air

       Wing), Botswana National Police

      Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 344,587 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 182,279 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 18,654 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $61 million (FY99/00)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 1.2% (FY99/00)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and

       Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited

       Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River is presently at

       the ICJ; at least one other island in Linyanti River is contested

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      @Bouvet Island——————

      Geography

      Location: Southern СКАЧАТЬ