The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ name:

       conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia

       conventional short form: Bolivia

       local long form: Republica de Bolivia

       local short form: Bolivia

      Data code: BL

      Government type: republic

      Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)

      Administrative divisions: 9 departments (departamentos, singular—departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija

      Independence: 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August (1825)

      Constitution: 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994

      Legal system: based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not

       accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21

       years of age, universal and compulsory (single)

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997);

       Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997);

       note—the president is both the chief of state and head of government

       head of government: President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August

       1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August

       1997); note—the president is both the chief of state and head of

       government

       cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from a panel of

       candidates proposed by the Senate

       elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket

       by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 1 June 1997

       (next to be held June 2002)

       election results: Hugo BANZER Suarez elected president; percent of

       vote—Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN) 22%; Jaime PAZ Zamora (MIR) 17%, Juan

       Carlos DURAN (MNR) 18%, Ivo KULJIS (UCS) 16%, Remedios LOZA

       (CONDEPA) 17%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote;

       Hugo BANZER Suarez won a congressional runoff election on 5 August

       1997 after forming a "megacoalition" with MIR, UCS, CONDEPA, NFR and

       PDC

      Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congreso

       Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27

       seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve

       five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130

       seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve

       five-year terms)

       elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies—last held 1

       June 1997 (next to be held June 2002)

       election results: Chamber of Senators—percent of vote by party—NA;

       seats by party—ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber of

       Deputies—percent of vote by party—NA; seats by party—ADN 32, MNR 26,

       MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), judges appointed

       for a 10-year term by National Congress

      Political parties and leaders:

       Center-Left Parties: Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR

       SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]

       FERNANDEZ, Hugo VILLEGAS]

       Indigenous Parties: Tupac Katari Revolutionary Liberation Movement

      International organization participation: CAN, ECLAC, FAO, G-11,

       G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,

       IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES,

       LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,

       UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Marcelo PEREZ Monasterios

       chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

       consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Donna Jean HRINAK

       embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz

       mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top),

       yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band;

       similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed

       star centered in the yellow band

      Economy

      Economy—overview: With its long history of semifeudal social controls, dependence on mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. However, Bolivia has experienced generally improving economic conditions since the PAZ Estenssoro administration (1985–89) introduced market-oriented policies which reduced inflation from 11,700% in 1985 to about 20% in 1988. PAZ Estenssoro was followed as president by Jaime PAZ Zamora (1989–93) who continued the free-market policies of his predecessor, despite opposition from his own party and from Bolivia's once powerful labor movement. President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993–1997) vowed to advance the market-oriented economic reforms he helped launch as PAZ Estenssoro's planning minister. His successes included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. Hugo BANZER Suarez has tried СКАЧАТЬ