The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 14.39 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.13 years male: 62.04 years female: 74.52 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.32 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Belarusian(s) adjective: Belarusian

      Ethnic groups: Byelorussian 77.9%, Russian 13.2%, Polish 4.1%,

       Ukrainian 2.9%, other 1.9%

      Religions: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic,

       Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)

      Languages: Byelorussian, Russian, other

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 98%

       male: 99%

       female: 97% (1989 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Republic of Belarus

       conventional short form: Belarus

       local long form: Respublika Byelarus'

       local short form: none

       former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

      Data code: BO

      Government type: republic

      Capital: Minsk

      Administrative divisions: 6 voblastsi (singular—voblasts') and one municipality* (harady, singular—horad); Brestskaya (Brest), Homyel'skaya (Homyel'), Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya (Hrodna), Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow), Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

      Independence: 25 August 1991 (Belarusian Supreme Soviet declaration of independence from the Soviet Union)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note—date set

       by referendum of 24 November 1996; represents Minsk liberation from

       German occupation

      Constitution: 30 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24

       November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and

       became effective 27 November 1996

      Legal system: based on civil law system

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)

       head of government: Prime Minister Sergey LING (acting since 18

       November 1996, confirmed 19 February 1997); First Deputy Prime

       Ministers Petr PROKOPOVICH (since 23 December 1996) and Vasiliy

       DOLGOLEV (since 2 December 1998); Deputy Prime Ministers Valeriy

       KOKOREV (since 23 August 1994), Vladimir ZAMETALIN (since 15 July

       1997), Ural LATYPOV (since 30 December 1997), Gennadiy NOVITSKIY

       (since 11 February 1997), Leonid KOZIK (since 4 February 1997),

       Aleksandr POPKOV (since 10 November 1998)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers

       elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;

       election last held 24 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA;

       according to the 1994 constitution, the next election should be in

       1999, however LUKASHENKO extended his term to 2001 via the November

       1996 referendum); prime minister and deputy prime ministers

       appointed by the president

       election results: Aleksandr LUKASHENKO elected president; percent of

       vote—Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 85%, Vyacheslav KEBICH 15%

       note: first presidential elections took place in June-July 1994

      Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Natsionalnoye

       Sobranie consists of the Council of the Republic or Soviet

       Respubliki (64 seats; eight appointed by the president and 56

       indirectly elected by deputies of local councils for four-year

       terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Palata Pretsaviteley

       (110 seats; note—present members came from the former Supreme Soviet

       which LUKASHENKO disbanded in November 1996)

       elections: last held May and November-December 1995 (two rounds,

       each with a run-off; disbanded after the November 1996 referendum;

       next to be held NA)

       election results: after the November 1996 referendum, seats for the

       Chamber of Representatives were filled by former Supreme Soviet

       members as follows: PKB 24, Agrarian 14, Party of Peoples Concord 5,

       LDPB 1, UPNAZ 1, Green World Party 1, Belarusian Social Sports Party

       1, Ecological Party 1, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 1,

       independents 61; 58 of the 64 seats in the Council of the Republic

       have been appointed/elected

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president; Constitutional Court, half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives

      Political parties and leaders: Party of Communists Belarusian or

       chairman]; Belarusian Patriotic Movement (Belarusian Patriotic

      International СКАЧАТЬ