The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ service is available to Belarus due to this infrastructure;

       additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat and

       Intersputnik earth stations

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11

      Radios: 3.17 million (1991 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 17 (1997); note—Belarus has a state-run television broadcasting network; independent local television stations exist

      Televisions: 9,686,854 (1996)

      Transportation

      Railways: total: 5,563 km broad gauge: 5,563 km 1.520-m gauge (894 km electrified)

      Highways: total: 53,407 km paved: 52,446 km unpaved: 961 km (1997 est.)

      Waterways: NA km; note—Belarus has extensive and widely used

       canal and river systems

      Pipelines: crude oil 1,470 km; refined products 1,100 km; natural

       gas 1,980 km (1992)

      Ports and harbors: Mazyr

      Airports: 118 (1996 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 36 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 under 914 m: 11 (1996 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 82 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 62 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Interior

       Ministry Troops, Border Guards

      Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 2,700,034 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 2,115,121 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 79,905 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $100 million (1998)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 2% (1998)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      Illicit drugs: limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe

      ======================================================================

      @Belgium———

      Introduction

      Background: Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830 and was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. In the half century following, it has prospered as a small, modern, technologically advanced European state and member of the European Union. Its unique political circumstance is the long-standing differences between the wealthier Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the poorer French-speaking Walloons of the south, differences that are becoming increasingly acute.

      Geography

      Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands

      Geographic coordinates: 50 50 N, 4 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area:

       total: 30,510 sq km

       land: 30,230 sq km

       water: 280 sq km

      Area—comparative: about the size of Maryland

      Land boundaries:

       total: 1,385 km

       border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km,

       Netherlands 450 km

      Coastline: 64 km

      Maritime claims:

       continental shelf: median line with neighbors

       exclusive fishing zone: median line with neighbors (extends about 68

       km from coast)

       territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid,

       cloudy

      Terrain: flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills,

       rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: North Sea 0 m

       highest point: Signal de Botrange 694 m

      Natural resources: coal, natural gas

      Land use:

       arable land: 24%

       permanent crops: 1%

       permanent pastures: 20%

       forests and woodland: 21%

       other: 34%

      Irrigated land: 10 sq km including Luxembourg (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

      Environment—current issues: the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, intense animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) have impeded progress in tackling environmental challenges

      Environment—international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85,

       Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,

       Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,

       Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,

       Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

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