The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ km (including 1,613 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1997 est.)

      Waterways: 358 km (1997)

      Pipelines: crude oil 777 km; natural gas 840 km (1997)

      Ports and harbors: Linz, Vienna, Enns, Krems

      Merchant marine:

       total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 67,066 GRT/95,693 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 18, combination bulk 2, container 1

       (1998 est.)

      Airports: 55 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 22 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 12 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 33 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 29 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army (includes Flying Division)

      Military manpower—military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 2,091,902 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 1,735,469 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 48,872 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $1.8 billion (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 0.82% (1999 est.)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and

       South American cocaine destined for Western Europe

      ======================================================================

      @Azerbaijan—————

      Introduction

      Background: In 1806, Azerbaijan, a region of Turkic Muslim people, was conquered by the Russians. In 1918, Azerbaijan declared independence from Russia, but was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920. It again declared its independence in 1991, following the collapse of the USSR. The conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region is still unresolved after 10 years and Baku has yet to settle disputes with its neighbors over oil rights in the Caspian Sea. During the war, Karabakh Armenians declared independence and seized almost 20% of the country's territory, creating some 750,000 Azerbaijani refugees in the process. Both sides have generally observed a Russian-mediated cease-fire in place since May 1994.

      Geography

      Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between

       Iran and Russia

      Geographic coordinates: 40 30 N, 47 30 E

      Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States

      Area:

       total: 86,600 sq km

       land: 86,100 sq km

       water: 500 sq km

       note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the

       Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by

       Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991

      Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,013 km

       border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia

       (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran

       (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan

       exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

       note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: dry, semiarid steppe

      Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much

       of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north,

       Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron

       Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Caspian Sea −28 m

       highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous

       metals, alumina

      Land use:

       arable land: 18%

       permanent crops: 5%

       permanent pastures: 25%

       forests and woodland: 11%

       other: 41% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 10,000 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea

      Environment—current issues: local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton

      Environment—international agreements: party to: Climate Change, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity

      Geography—note: landlocked

      People

      Population: 7,908,224 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 32% (male 1,292,018; female 1,240,745)

       15–64 years: 61% (male 2,361,792; female 2,496,721)

       65 years and over: 7% (male 202,755; female 314,193) (1999 СКАЧАТЬ