The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Kathryn Walt HALL

       embassy: Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna

       mailing address: use embassy street address

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top),

       white, and red

      Economy

      Economy—overview: Austria has a well-developed market economy with a high standard of living. As a member of the European Monetary Union (EMU), Austria's economy is closely integrated with other EU member countries, especially with Germany. Austria's membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market. Through privatization efforts, the 1996–98 budget consolidation programs, and austerity measures, Austria brought its total public sector deficit down to 2.5% of GDP in 1997 and public debt—at 66% of GDP in 1997—more or less in line with the 60% of GDP required by the EU's Maastricht criteria. Cuts mainly affect the civil service and Austria's generous social system, the two major causes of the government deficit. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy and deregulate the service sector, particularly telecommunications and energy. The strong GDP growth of 1998 is expected to dwindle back to 2.3% in 1999, and observers caution that this projection may be revised downwards in view of the Asian and Brazilian crises and Germany's lower growth projection.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$184.5 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 2.9% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$22,700 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 1.4% industry: 30.8% services: 67.8% (1997 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.9% (1998)

      Labor force: 3.7 million (1998)

      Labor force—by occupation: services 67.7%, industry and crafts 29%, agriculture and forestry 0.7% (salaried employees, 1997 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 7% (1999 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $50.4 billion

       expenditures: $55.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (1998 est.)

      Industries: construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism (1997)

      Industrial production growth rate: 4% (1998 est.)

      Electricity—production: 52.15 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 34.4% hydro: 65.6% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1997)

      Electricity—consumption: 56.1 billion kWh (1997)

      Electricity—exports: 9.8 billion kWh (1997)

      Electricity—imports: 9 billion kWh (1997)

      Agriculture—products: grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber

      Exports: $62.5 billion (1998)

      Exports—commodities: vehicles, machinery and equipment, paper and paperboard, metal goods, iron and steel, telecommunication equipment, textiles, medical and pharmaceutical products (1997)

      Exports—partners: EU 62% (Germany 35.1%, Italy 8.3%), Central and

       Eastern Europe 17.6% (Hungary 4.9%), Japan 1.3%, US 3.7% (1997)

      Imports: $65.8 billion (1998)

      Imports—commodities: vehicles, machinery and equipment, apparel, metal goods, oil and oil products, office and data-processing machinery, medical and pharmaceutical products, telecommunication equipment, textiles (1997)

      Imports—partners: EU 68.9% (Germany 41.7%, Italy 8%), Central and Eastern Europe 11% (Hungary 3.1%), Asia 7.1% (Japan 2.2%), US 5.4% (1997)

      Debt—external: $24.33 billion (1997)

      Economic aid—donor: ODA, $513 million (1997); of which, bilateral $298 million, multilateral $215 million

      Currency: 1 Austrian schilling (AS) = 100 groschen

      Exchange rates: Austrian schillings (AS) per US$1—11.86 (January

       1999), 12.379 (1998), 12.204 (1997), 10.587 (1996), 10.081 (1995),

       11.422 (1994)

       note: on 9 January 1999, the European Union introduced a common

       currency that is now being used by financial institutions in some

       member countries at the rate of 0.8597 euros per US$ and a fixed

       rate of 13.7603 Austrian shillings per euro; the euro will replace

       the local currency in consenting countries for all transactions in

       2002

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications

      Telephones: 3.47 million (1986 est.)

      Telephone system:

       domestic: highly developed and efficient

       international: satellite earth stations—2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean

       and 1 Indian Ocean) and 2 Eutelsat

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 61 (several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (Austria's single shortwave station, Radio Austria International, transmits its programs to the world in six languages using 12 frequencies and six communication satellite relays) (1998)

      Radios: 70% of all households had radiosaccoding to the 1993

       census

      Television broadcast stations: 51 (in addition, there are 920

       repeaters) (1998)

      Televisions: 2,418,584 (1984 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways:

       total: 5,849 km (there is also 594 km of private tracks)

       standard gauge: 5,470 km 1.435-m gauge (3,418 km electrified)

       narrow gauge: 379 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge (84 km electrified)

       (1997)

      Highways: СКАЧАТЬ