The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 45 00 E

      Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States

      Area: total : 29,800 sq km land: 28,400 sq km water: 1,400 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries: total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

      Terrain: high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerr 4,095 m

      Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

      Land use: arable land : 17% permanent crops: 3% permanent pastures: 24% forests and woodland: 15% other: 41% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 2,870 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

      Environment - current issues: soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate (IAEA-recommended) safety and backup systems

      Environment - international agreements: party to : Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Desertification

      Geography - note: landlocked

      @Armenia:People

      Population: 3,433,629 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 27% (male 476,375; female 456,723) 15–64 years: 65% (male 1,088,103; female 1,134,649) 65 years and over: 8% (male 115,135; female 162,644) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: −0.33% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 13.59 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: −8.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 40.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.9 years male: 62.69 years female: 71.32 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.71 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian

      Ethnic groups: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly

       Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989)

       note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from

       Armenia

      Religions: Armenian Orthodox 94%

      Languages: Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female : 98% (1989 est.)

      @Armenia:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Armenia conventional short form: Armenia local long form : Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun local short form: Hayastan former : Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic

      Data code: AM

      Government type: republic

      National capital: Yerevan

      Administrative divisions: 10 provinces (marzer, singular - marz) and 1

       city* (k'aghak'ner, singular - k'aghak'); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir,

       Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor,

       Yerevan*

      Independence: 28 May 1918 (First Armenian Republic); 23 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

      National holiday: Referendum Day, 21 September

      Constitution: adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995

      Legal system: based on civil law system

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state : President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN (since NA October 1991); note - prior to becoming Armenia's first president, TER-PETROSSIAN was chairman of the Armenian Supreme Soviet since 4 August 1990 head of government: Prime Minister Robert KOCHARIAN (since 20 March 1997) cabinet : Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held NA September 2001); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN elected president; percent of vote - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN 52%, Vazgen MANUKYAN 41%

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Azgayin Zhoghov (190 seats; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 5 July 1995 (next to be held NA 2000) election results : percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Bloc 159 (ANM 63, DLP-Hanrapetutyun Bloc 6, Republic Party 4, CDU 3, Intellectual Armenia 3, Social Democratic Party 2, independents 78), SWM 8, ACP 7, NDU 5, NSDU 3, DLP 1, ARF 1, other 4, vacant 2

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

      Political parties and leaders:

       Republic Bloc (Hanrapetoutioun): Armenian National Movement or ANM

       [Husik LAZARIAN, chairman]; Democratic Liberal Party [Orthosis

       GYONJIAN, chairman]; Republican Party [Ashot NAVARSARDIAN, chairman];

       Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Azat ARSHAKIAN, chairman];

       Intellectual Armenia [H. TOKMAJIAN]; Social Democratic (Hnchakian)

       Party [Yeghia NAJARIAN]

       opposition parties: Shamiram Women's Movement or SWM [Shoger

       MATEVOSIAN]; Armenian Communist Party or ACP [Sergey BADALYAN];

       National Democratic Union or NDU [Davit VARDANIAN and СКАЧАТЬ