The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ - with paved runways: total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the US

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: none ______________________________________________________________________

      ANDORRA

      @Andorra:Geography

      Location: Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain

      Geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 30 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area: total : 450 sq km land: 450 sq km water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: total: 125 km border countries : France 60 km, Spain 65 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

      Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Riu Valira 840 m highest point : Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m

      Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

      Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 56% forests and woodland: 22% other: 20% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: NA sq km

      Natural hazards: snowslides, avalanches

      Environment - current issues: deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion

      Environment - international agreements: party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: landlocked

      @Andorra:People

      Population: 64,000 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 14% (male 4,788; female 4,452) 15–64 years : 74% (male 25,291; female 21,807) 65 years and over: 12% (male 3,903; female 3,759) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.72% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 10.67 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 1.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15–64 years : 1.16 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 83.45 years male : 80.53 years female: 86.53 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.21 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran

      Ethnic groups: Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%

      Religions: Roman Catholic (predominant)

      Languages: Catalan (official), French, Castilian

      Literacy: NA

      @Andorra:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form : Andorra

      Data code: AN

      Government type: parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers

      National capital: Andorra la Vella

      Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

      Independence: 1278

      National holiday: Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September

      Constitution: Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993

      Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995) and Spanish Episcopal Coprince Monseigneur Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971); note - each coprince is represented by a veguer (current names NA) head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994) cabinet: Executive Council designated by the executive council president elections: executive council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces; election last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA 2001) election results: Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA

      Legislative branch: unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held February 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - UL 57%, AND 21%, IDN 7%, ND 7%, other 8%; seats by party - UL 16, AND 6, ND 2, IDN 2, UPO 2

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) two civil judges appointed by the veguers, one appeals judge appointed by the coprinces alternately; Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain); Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal des Cortes presided over by the two civil judges, one appeals judge, the veguers, and two members of the General Council

      Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Group or AND [Oscar

       RIBAS Reig and Jordi FARRAS]; Liberal Union or UL [Francesc CERQUEDA];

       New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU]; Andorran National Coalition or

       CNA [Antoni CERQUEDA]; National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc

       MATEU]; Liberal Party of Andorra (Partit Liberal d'Andorra) or PLA

       [Marc FORNE]; Unio Parroquial d'Ordino or UDO

       note : there are two other small parties

      International СКАЧАТЬ