The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ Democratic Party, National Democratic Union, and the

       People's Party); National Democratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN];

       National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National Unity

       Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN, chairman]; People's Party of Armenia

       [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Albert BAZEYAN and Aram

       SARKISYAN, chairmen]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARKARYAN];

       Rule of Law Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; Union of

       Constitutional Rights [Hrant KHACHATURYAN]; United Labor Party

       [Gurgen ARSENIAN]

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

       Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]

      International organization participation:

       BSEC, CE, CIS, COE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,

       ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol,

       IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP,

       UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Arman KIRAKOSSIAN chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles FAX: [1] (202) 319–2982 telephone: [1] (202) 319–1976

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador John M. ORDWAY

       embassy: 18 Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 375019

       mailing address: American Embassy Yerevan, Department of State, 7020

       Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521–7020

       telephone: [374](1) 521–611, 520–791, 542–177, 542–132, 524–661,

       527–001, 524–840

       FAX: [374](1) 520–800

      Flag description:

       three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

      Economy Armenia

      Economy - overview: Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the implosion of the USSR in December 1991, Armenia has switched to small-scale agriculture away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. The agricultural sector has long-term needs for more investment and updated technology. The privatization of industry has been at a slower pace, but has been given renewed emphasis by the current administration. Armenia is a food importer, and its mineral deposits (copper, gold, bauxite) are small. The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic program that has resulted in positive growth rates in 1995–2003. Armenia also has managed to slash inflation, stabilize the local currency (the dram), and privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in the early and mid-1990s have been offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor. Armenia is now a net energy exporter, although it does not have sufficient generating capacity to replace Metsamor, which is under international pressure to close. The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002. Armenia's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid, domestic restructuring of the economy, and foreign direct investment. Economic ties with Russia remain close, especially in the energy sector.

      GDP:

       purchasing power parity - $12.13 billion (2002 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

       12.9% (2002 est.)

      GDP - per capita:

       purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2002 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 30% industry: 26% services: 44% (2001 est.)

      Population below poverty line: 50% (2002 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 46.2% (1999)

      Distribution of family income - Gini index:

       44.4 (1996)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       1.1% (2002 est.)

      Labor force:

       1.4 million (2001)

      Labor force - by occupation:

       agriculture 45%, services 30%, industry 25% (2002 est.)

      Unemployment rate:

       20% (2001 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $402 million

       expenditures: $482 million, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (2001 est.)

      Industries:

       metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric

       motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals,

       trucks, instruments, microelectronics, gem cutting, jewelry

       manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy

      Industrial production growth rate:

       15% (2002 est.)

      Electricity - production:

       6.479 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 42.3% hydro: 27% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 30.7%

      Electricity - consumption: 5.784 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports: 704 million kWh; note - exports an unknown quantity to Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       463 million kWh; note - imports an unknown quantity from Iran (2001)

      Oil - production:

       0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       5,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil СКАЧАТЬ